5366 RESEARCH QUIZ 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Clinical trial
A research study in which a drug, intervention or device is studied to evaluate the
efficacy and safety of treating a specific problem or disease; to find superior or
alternative modalities of treating a specific disease
randomized control trial
gold standard and most commonly used method; involves identification of population of
interest, selecting a sample population from that group and typically sample population
broken into two or more groups
Validity
Degree with which correct inferences can be made from the results of a research study
internal validity
Extent to which results obtained in a research trial are a function of the variables that
were systematically manipulated, measured, and/or observed in the study
Bias
Systematic error; occurs when the way a study was designed, conducted or recorded
leads to systematic deviations from results of the truth
random error
an error that occurs when the selected sample is an imperfect representation of the
overall population; chance error or statistical error; occurs due to variability in measured
data that arrives purely by chance
Selection bias
Randomization is the process of assigning study participants to either experimental or
control groups at random to prevent this
Randomization
Allocation sequence generation; allocation concealment; implementation of allocated
sequence
allocation sequence generation
Generating unpredictable sequence of how subjects are allocated; random numbers or
computer generated random number system
allocation concealment
Generates random sequence of allocation that prevents participants and researchers
alike from knowing which group the subject was assigned
allocated sequence implementation
Once treatment assignment is made for a particular patient, it is enforced
confounding
occurs when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response
variable cannot be distinguished from each other; mix up (something) with something
else so that the individual elements become difficult to distinguish
performance bias
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Clinical trial
A research study in which a drug, intervention or device is studied to evaluate the
efficacy and safety of treating a specific problem or disease; to find superior or
alternative modalities of treating a specific disease
randomized control trial
gold standard and most commonly used method; involves identification of population of
interest, selecting a sample population from that group and typically sample population
broken into two or more groups
Validity
Degree with which correct inferences can be made from the results of a research study
internal validity
Extent to which results obtained in a research trial are a function of the variables that
were systematically manipulated, measured, and/or observed in the study
Bias
Systematic error; occurs when the way a study was designed, conducted or recorded
leads to systematic deviations from results of the truth
random error
an error that occurs when the selected sample is an imperfect representation of the
overall population; chance error or statistical error; occurs due to variability in measured
data that arrives purely by chance
Selection bias
Randomization is the process of assigning study participants to either experimental or
control groups at random to prevent this
Randomization
Allocation sequence generation; allocation concealment; implementation of allocated
sequence
allocation sequence generation
Generating unpredictable sequence of how subjects are allocated; random numbers or
computer generated random number system
allocation concealment
Generates random sequence of allocation that prevents participants and researchers
alike from knowing which group the subject was assigned
allocated sequence implementation
Once treatment assignment is made for a particular patient, it is enforced
confounding
occurs when two variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response
variable cannot be distinguished from each other; mix up (something) with something
else so that the individual elements become difficult to distinguish
performance bias
