(NACE) I PN-RN: FOUNDATIONS OF
NURSING PRACTICE 2024/25 WITH
Q&A
When determining the burden of proof for acts of negligence, how would risk
management classify willfully providing inadequate care while disregarding the safety
and security of another?
Comparative negligence
Gross negligence
Negligent conduct
Contributory negligence
- CORRECT ANSWER Gross negligence
Gross negligence. Negligence indicates that proper care has not been provided, based
on established standards. Reasonable care uses a rationale for decision making in
relation to providing care. Types of negligence include the following:
Negligent conduct indicates that an individual failed to provide reasonable care or to
protect/assist another, based on standards and expertise.
Gross negligence is willfully providing inadequate care while disregarding the safety and
security of another.
Contributory negligence involves the injured party contributing to his/her own harm.
Comparative negligence attempts to determine what percentage of negligence is
attributed to each individual involved.
Which of the following is a legal document that specifically designates someone to
make decisions regarding medical and end-of-life care if a patient is mentally
incompetent?
Do-not-resuscitate order
General power of attorney
Advance directive
Durable power of attorney
- CORRECT ANSWER Durable power of attorney
The legal document that designates someone to make decisions regarding medical and
end-of-life care if a patient is mentally incompetent is a durable power of attorney. This
is a type of advance directive, which can include living wills or specific requests of the
patient regarding treatment. A do-not-resuscitate order indicates that the patient does
not want resuscitative treatment for terminal illnesses or conditions. A general power of
attorney allows a designated person to make decisions for a person over broader areas,
including financial.
Which of the following is advised to promote phase delay in a patient with circadian
rhythm sleep disorder?
Avoid early morning light, and seek bright light in the evening
Exposure to light after the time of minimum body temperature (about 3 a.m.)
, Walk outside in sunlight after awakening
Avoid bright light in the evening
- CORRECT ANSWER Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD) is characterized by
advanced phase sleep disorder (APSD), delayed phase sleep disorder (DPSD), free-
running disorder, shift-work disorder, and other irregular patterns.
To promote phase delay:• Expose to light immediately before time of minimum body
temperature (about 3 a.m.).• Avoid early morning light and/or wear sunglasses and seek
bright light in the evening.
To promote phase advance:• Expose to light after the time of minimum body
temperature (about 3 a.m.).• Walk outside in sunlight after awakening, and avoid bright
light in the evening.• Take a melatonin supplement in the evening.
An Alzheimer patient is actively resistive to basic hygiene. However, in order to meet
basic standards for hygiene, how frequently should the patient be bathed?
Biweekly
Weekly
Two to three times weekly
Daily
- CORRECT ANSWER Two to three times weekly
While adults don't usually need daily baths, they should bathe two to three times
weekly. Grab bars, shower or tub seats, tub mats, handheld showers, and proper
heating (to avoid chilling the patient) can facilitate more frequent bathing. Mild soap and
bath oil may reduce the drying of skin. Patients who are fearful of tubs and showers,
common with dementia, may receive a sponge bath or Comfort Bath with premoistened,
warmed washcloths. Thick-handled toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes may facilitate
mouth care.
At which time of day are patients with cognitive impairment usually MOST sensitive to
sensory overload?
Late evening
Noon
Afternoon
Early morning
- CORRECT ANSWER Afternoon
Many people are more sensitive to sensory overload in the afternoon when cortisol
levels are highest. Sensory overload most often affects those with cognitive impairment
or those in stressful situations. Excess noise and activity can cause distress, agitation,
confusion, and delirium. Sensory deprivation occurs when there is too little
environmental stimulation because of reduction in sensory input because of hearing or
vision deficits, inability to recognize sensory input because of cognitive impairment, or a
boring environment. Sensory deprivation can contribute to confusion, disorientation, and
depression.
Which of the following is characteristic of nociceptive pain?
Burning, stabbing, or shooting pains
Diffuse or cramping pain
NURSING PRACTICE 2024/25 WITH
Q&A
When determining the burden of proof for acts of negligence, how would risk
management classify willfully providing inadequate care while disregarding the safety
and security of another?
Comparative negligence
Gross negligence
Negligent conduct
Contributory negligence
- CORRECT ANSWER Gross negligence
Gross negligence. Negligence indicates that proper care has not been provided, based
on established standards. Reasonable care uses a rationale for decision making in
relation to providing care. Types of negligence include the following:
Negligent conduct indicates that an individual failed to provide reasonable care or to
protect/assist another, based on standards and expertise.
Gross negligence is willfully providing inadequate care while disregarding the safety and
security of another.
Contributory negligence involves the injured party contributing to his/her own harm.
Comparative negligence attempts to determine what percentage of negligence is
attributed to each individual involved.
Which of the following is a legal document that specifically designates someone to
make decisions regarding medical and end-of-life care if a patient is mentally
incompetent?
Do-not-resuscitate order
General power of attorney
Advance directive
Durable power of attorney
- CORRECT ANSWER Durable power of attorney
The legal document that designates someone to make decisions regarding medical and
end-of-life care if a patient is mentally incompetent is a durable power of attorney. This
is a type of advance directive, which can include living wills or specific requests of the
patient regarding treatment. A do-not-resuscitate order indicates that the patient does
not want resuscitative treatment for terminal illnesses or conditions. A general power of
attorney allows a designated person to make decisions for a person over broader areas,
including financial.
Which of the following is advised to promote phase delay in a patient with circadian
rhythm sleep disorder?
Avoid early morning light, and seek bright light in the evening
Exposure to light after the time of minimum body temperature (about 3 a.m.)
, Walk outside in sunlight after awakening
Avoid bright light in the evening
- CORRECT ANSWER Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (CRSD) is characterized by
advanced phase sleep disorder (APSD), delayed phase sleep disorder (DPSD), free-
running disorder, shift-work disorder, and other irregular patterns.
To promote phase delay:• Expose to light immediately before time of minimum body
temperature (about 3 a.m.).• Avoid early morning light and/or wear sunglasses and seek
bright light in the evening.
To promote phase advance:• Expose to light after the time of minimum body
temperature (about 3 a.m.).• Walk outside in sunlight after awakening, and avoid bright
light in the evening.• Take a melatonin supplement in the evening.
An Alzheimer patient is actively resistive to basic hygiene. However, in order to meet
basic standards for hygiene, how frequently should the patient be bathed?
Biweekly
Weekly
Two to three times weekly
Daily
- CORRECT ANSWER Two to three times weekly
While adults don't usually need daily baths, they should bathe two to three times
weekly. Grab bars, shower or tub seats, tub mats, handheld showers, and proper
heating (to avoid chilling the patient) can facilitate more frequent bathing. Mild soap and
bath oil may reduce the drying of skin. Patients who are fearful of tubs and showers,
common with dementia, may receive a sponge bath or Comfort Bath with premoistened,
warmed washcloths. Thick-handled toothbrushes or electric toothbrushes may facilitate
mouth care.
At which time of day are patients with cognitive impairment usually MOST sensitive to
sensory overload?
Late evening
Noon
Afternoon
Early morning
- CORRECT ANSWER Afternoon
Many people are more sensitive to sensory overload in the afternoon when cortisol
levels are highest. Sensory overload most often affects those with cognitive impairment
or those in stressful situations. Excess noise and activity can cause distress, agitation,
confusion, and delirium. Sensory deprivation occurs when there is too little
environmental stimulation because of reduction in sensory input because of hearing or
vision deficits, inability to recognize sensory input because of cognitive impairment, or a
boring environment. Sensory deprivation can contribute to confusion, disorientation, and
depression.
Which of the following is characteristic of nociceptive pain?
Burning, stabbing, or shooting pains
Diffuse or cramping pain
