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AQA-7182-2-PSYCHOLOGY FINAL MARK SCHEME PAPER 2:Psychology in context-A LEVEL-Jun24-v1.0

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AQA-7182-2-PSYCHOLOGY FINAL MARK SCHEME PAPER 2:Psychology in context-A LEVEL-Jun24-v1.0. Section A Approaches in psychology 0 1 Describe the ego and superego according to the psychodynamic approach. [4 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 4 For each description award: 2 marks: for a clear description of the part of personality with some detail 1 mark: a limited and/or muddled description. Possible content: • the ego: rational, balancing the id and superego, reference to ‘reality principle’, formed between 18mths–3yrs. • the superego: reference to ‘morality principle’, acts as the conscience or moral guide, represents the ego ideal/ideal self, based on parental and societal values, formed between 3–6yrs. Credit other relevant content. 0 2 Outline Wundt’s method of introspection. [4 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 4 Level Marks Description 2 3–4 Outline of Wundt’s method of introspection is clear and accurate with some detail. The answer is generally coherent with effective use of terminology. 1 1–2 Some outline of Wundt’s method of introspection is evident. The answer lacks accuracy and/or detail. Use of terminology is either absent or inappropriate. 0 No relevant content. Possible content: • the process of analysing one’s own conscious awareness/experience • Wundt would ask people to focus on an everyday object and look inwards noticing sensations and feelings and images • focus on being objective • systematic reporting of an experience of an object • breaking thoughts about an object down into separate elements • reflection on sensations, feelings and images/verbal reporting of own inner thoughts • participants were presented with standardised sensory events like a ticking metronome and asked to report their reactions. Credit other relevant content. 000004 Page 4 of 19 PSYCHOLOGY MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY – 7182/2 – JUNE 2024 5 0 3 Outline one example of how neurochemistry influences behaviour. [3 marks] Marks for this question: AO1 = 3 3 marks for a clear and coherent outline of an example of how neurotransmitter(s) influence behaviour with some elaboration. 2 marks for an outline of an example of how neurotransmitter(s) influences behaviour that lacks the clarity and/or detail of the 3-mark answer. 1 mark for a naming a neurotransmitter with a relevant behaviour. Possible content: • reference to specific neurochemicals and their effects, eg dopamine regulates motor behaviour/plays a role in brain’s reward system; serotonin regulates appetite/sleep/memory/mood/muscle contraction • imbalances of neurochemicals have been linked to abnormal behaviour/mental illnesses, eg low serotonin and OCD, high or low dopamine and schizophrenia • the mode of action of psychoactive drugs, eg SSRIs to reduce anxiety and thereby reduce compulsive behaviour. Credit other relevant content. 0 4 Explain why a humanistic psychologist would suggest that Karishma is not displaying congruence. [2 marks] Marks for this question: AO2 = 2 2 marks for a clear explanation of why a humanistic psychologist would suggest that Karishma is not displaying congruence with some effective application. 1 mark for a limited and/or muddled explanation of why a humanistic psychologist would suggest that Karishma is not displaying congruence. Possible content: • there is a (big) gap between Karishma’s concept of self and her ideal self • she does not think she is clever but wants to go to university/to be a lawyer. Credit other relevant points. 000005 Page 5 of 19 PSYCHOLOGY MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY – 7182/2 – JUNE 2024 6 0 5 Explain how a humanistic psychologist might help Karishma to achieve congruence. [3 marks] Marks for this question: AO2 = 3 3 marks for a clear and coherent explanation of how a humanistic psychologist might help Karishma to achieve congruence with some effective application. 2 marks for an explanation of how a humanistic psychologist might help Karishma to achieve congruence that lacks the requirements of the 3-mark answer. 1 mark for a limited and/or muddled explanation. 0 marks for no relevant content Possible content: • the psychologist would create a therapeutic atmosphere by offering unconditional positive regard, empathy and warmth to raise Karishma’s self-esteem • the psychologist would use counselling/client-centred therapy with Karishma by reflecting back in a way that enables Karishma to determine the changes she needs to make in order to feel she is worthy of a place at university/would cope with a law degree • the psychologist should help Karishma to improve her feelings of self-worth, eg by asking her about the good GCSE grades she achieved • the psychologist might ask Karishma to complete a Q-sort at intervals to demonstrate any change in congruence; congruence will be achieved once Karishma develops a healthier view of herself/believes that she is worthy of a place at university/is good enough to study law. Credit other relevant points.

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AQA
MARK SCHEME AQA




A-level
PSYCHOLOGY
7182/2




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Paper 2 Psychology in context




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Mark scheme
June 2024

Version: 1.0 Final LO
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY – 7182/2 – JUNE 2024



Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of




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assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.




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No student should be disadvantaged on the basis of their gender identity and/or how they refer to the
gender identity of others in their exam responses.

A consistent use of ‘they/them’ as a singular and pronouns beyond ‘she/her’ or ‘he/him’ will be credited in

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exam responses in line with existing mark scheme criteria.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk
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MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY – 7182/2 – JUNE 2024



Level of response marking instructions
Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The
descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as
instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme.

Step 1 Determine a level
Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in
the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it




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meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With
practice and familiarity, you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the
lower levels of the mark scheme.




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When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If


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the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level, i.e. if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be
placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content.

Step 2 Determine a mark
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Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate
marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. Answers in the
standardising materials will correspond with the different levels of the mark scheme. These answers will
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have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the
standardised examples to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You
can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example.
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You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
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mentioned in the indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.




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