MSN 624 EXAM 3: CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE
Hypertension
Defined by determining the level of blood pressure that caused target organ damage,
morbidity, and mortality as arterial flow is delivered.
Blood Pressure
Force in arterial structures created by an interplay of flow, volume, and constriction
Primary HTN
No known cause (95% of cases)
Secondary HTN
directly related to structural, circulatory, or chemical abnormalities (5% of cases)
HTN Risk Factors
- CAD
- CHF
- CVA
- PAD
- Kidney disease
- Retinopathy
HTN Incidence
, - men > women (until mid 50s)
- 55-64 y/o prevalence equalizes in women and men
- 65-74 y/o women > men
- > 74 y/o equalizes for both women and men
- Blacks have greater incidence of CVD, CVA, renal complications, and death than other
ethnicities
Prevalence of HTN
- lower SES (poor diet, stress, etc.)
- African Americans > Whites or Hispanics
Secondary HTN Causes
- renal artery stenosis
- pheochromocytoma
- hyperaldosteronism
- coarctation of aorta
- cushing's syndrome
- sleep apnea (OSA)
- thyroid disease
- alcohol
- certain medications (steroids, OCPs, NSAIDs)
- genetics
- renal parenchymal disease
Pheochromocytoma
Catecholamine producing tumor
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
LATEST UPDATE
Hypertension
Defined by determining the level of blood pressure that caused target organ damage,
morbidity, and mortality as arterial flow is delivered.
Blood Pressure
Force in arterial structures created by an interplay of flow, volume, and constriction
Primary HTN
No known cause (95% of cases)
Secondary HTN
directly related to structural, circulatory, or chemical abnormalities (5% of cases)
HTN Risk Factors
- CAD
- CHF
- CVA
- PAD
- Kidney disease
- Retinopathy
HTN Incidence
, - men > women (until mid 50s)
- 55-64 y/o prevalence equalizes in women and men
- 65-74 y/o women > men
- > 74 y/o equalizes for both women and men
- Blacks have greater incidence of CVD, CVA, renal complications, and death than other
ethnicities
Prevalence of HTN
- lower SES (poor diet, stress, etc.)
- African Americans > Whites or Hispanics
Secondary HTN Causes
- renal artery stenosis
- pheochromocytoma
- hyperaldosteronism
- coarctation of aorta
- cushing's syndrome
- sleep apnea (OSA)
- thyroid disease
- alcohol
- certain medications (steroids, OCPs, NSAIDs)
- genetics
- renal parenchymal disease
Pheochromocytoma
Catecholamine producing tumor
