NSG 5003 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
THEIR EXPECTED ANSWERS
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates
the digestion of which nutrients? a. Proteins c. Fats b.
Carbohydrates d. Fiber
B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only
carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and stomach
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay?
a. Salivary α-amylase and ptyalin b. Secretin and IgA
c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d.
Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4
D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of
approximately 7.4, which neutralizes bacterial acids and
prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g., fluoride in
drinking water) is absorbed and then secreted in the
saliva, providing additional protection against tooth decay.
Decay prevention is not associated with any of the other
options.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c.
IgG b. IgE d. IgM
A: IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
What effect is a result of inhibiting the
parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as
atropine? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of
, saliva changes. b. Salivation decreases. d. Digestive
enzymes are inhibited.
b: salivation decreases
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
autonomic nervous system control salivation. Because
cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the salivary
glands, atropine (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits
salivation and makes the mouth dry. None of the other
options is a result of drugs such as atropine.
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a.
Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper esophageal d. Fundal
A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a
sphincter. The upper esophageal sphincter
(cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the
esophagus during respiration. The lower esophageal
sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents regurgitation from
the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located
near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the
diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the stomach.
The cardiac sphincter is the only option that fulfills the
function described in the question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and
intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H
A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic
cells) secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a.
Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d. Enterochromaffin-like
THEIR EXPECTED ANSWERS
In the mouth and stomach, salivary α-amylase initiates
the digestion of which nutrients? a. Proteins c. Fats b.
Carbohydrates d. Fiber
B: cabohydrates
Salivary α-amylase is an enzyme that initiates only
carbohydrate digestion in the mouth and stomach
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay?
a. Salivary α-amylase and ptyalin b. Secretin and IgA
c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary β-amylase d.
Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4
D: exogenous fluoride pH 7.4
The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of
approximately 7.4, which neutralizes bacterial acids and
prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g., fluoride in
drinking water) is absorbed and then secreted in the
saliva, providing additional protection against tooth decay.
Decay prevention is not associated with any of the other
options.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? a. IgA c.
IgG b. IgE d. IgM
A: IgA
Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
What effect is a result of inhibiting the
parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as
atropine? a. Salivation becomes thinner. c. The pH of
, saliva changes. b. Salivation decreases. d. Digestive
enzymes are inhibited.
b: salivation decreases
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the
autonomic nervous system control salivation. Because
cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the salivary
glands, atropine (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits
salivation and makes the mouth dry. None of the other
options is a result of drugs such as atropine.
Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? a.
Cardiac c. Gastric b. Upper esophageal d. Fundal
A: cardiac
Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a
sphincter. The upper esophageal sphincter
(cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the
esophagus during respiration. The lower esophageal
sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents regurgitation from
the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located
near the esophageal hiatus—the opening in the
diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the stomach.
The cardiac sphincter is the only option that fulfills the
function described in the question.
Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and
intrinsic factor? a. Parietal c. G b. Chief d. H
A: Parietal
Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic
cells) secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? a.
Oxyntic c. D b. Chief d. Enterochromaffin-like
