NSG5003 CHAPTER 1 SIMPLIFIED
AND WELL WRITTEN SUMMARY GOOD
FOR EXAM REVISION
Cellular Communication
(cellular crosstalk) how messages originate and are
transmitted, received, interpreted, and used by the cell.
Intercellular signals
streamlined conversation between, among, and within
cells maintains cellular function and specialization. Allows
each cell to determin its position and specialized role.
Chemical fondness
cells must demonstrate a chemical fondness for other cells
and their surrounding environment to maintain the integrity
of the entire organism. When they no longer tolerate this
fondness, the conversation breaks down and cells either
adapt (sometimes altering function) or become vulnerable
to isolation, injury or disease
Eukaryotes
(eu = good; Karyon = nucleus) are larger and have more
extensive intracellular anatomy and organization than to
procaryotes. Eukarytoic cells have a characteristic set of
membrane-bound intracellular compartments, called
organelles, that includes a well-defined nucleus.
Prokaryotes
,contain no organelles, and their nuclear material is not
encased by a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells are
characterized by lack of a distinct nucleus.
Differentation
The process through which cells become specialized. Also
referred to as maturation. This process results in cells
performing a specific function.
Eight chief cellular functions
Movement, Conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion,
excretion, respiration, reproduction, & communication
Cellular Components
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smoothe ER
Rough ER
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Vaults
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Structure & function of cellular components of typical
eukaryotic cells
Outer membrane (plasma membrane or plasmalemma)
Cytoplasm: fluid filling
Intracellular organesses (organs): membrane bound and
include the nucleus
Nucleus
, Surrounded by the cytoplasm. Generally located in the
center of the cell. The largest membrane-bound organelle.
Nuclear envelope
Comprised of two membranes. The outer membrane is
continuous with the membranes of the endoplasmic
reticulum. The inner membrane encloses the neoplasm.
Nucleous
Contained in the nucleus. A small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, the
DNA binding proteins (the histones that regulate the cells's
activity). Primary functions are cell division and control of
genetic information replication and repair of DNA and
transcription of information stored in DNA. Most of the
processing of RNA
Cytoplasm
aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the cytoplasmic matrix.
Represents about half the volume of a eukaryotic cell.
Contains thousands of enzymes, ribosomes, proteins,
functions as a storage unit.
Ribosomes
RNA protein complex (neucleoproteins). Synthesized in
the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope (nuclear pore complexes).
may float free or attach to the outer membrane of the ER.
Chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
(endo = within; plasma = cytoplasm; reticulum = network)
A membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of
the cell's organelles. Consist of a network of tubular or
AND WELL WRITTEN SUMMARY GOOD
FOR EXAM REVISION
Cellular Communication
(cellular crosstalk) how messages originate and are
transmitted, received, interpreted, and used by the cell.
Intercellular signals
streamlined conversation between, among, and within
cells maintains cellular function and specialization. Allows
each cell to determin its position and specialized role.
Chemical fondness
cells must demonstrate a chemical fondness for other cells
and their surrounding environment to maintain the integrity
of the entire organism. When they no longer tolerate this
fondness, the conversation breaks down and cells either
adapt (sometimes altering function) or become vulnerable
to isolation, injury or disease
Eukaryotes
(eu = good; Karyon = nucleus) are larger and have more
extensive intracellular anatomy and organization than to
procaryotes. Eukarytoic cells have a characteristic set of
membrane-bound intracellular compartments, called
organelles, that includes a well-defined nucleus.
Prokaryotes
,contain no organelles, and their nuclear material is not
encased by a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells are
characterized by lack of a distinct nucleus.
Differentation
The process through which cells become specialized. Also
referred to as maturation. This process results in cells
performing a specific function.
Eight chief cellular functions
Movement, Conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion,
excretion, respiration, reproduction, & communication
Cellular Components
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smoothe ER
Rough ER
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Vaults
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Structure & function of cellular components of typical
eukaryotic cells
Outer membrane (plasma membrane or plasmalemma)
Cytoplasm: fluid filling
Intracellular organesses (organs): membrane bound and
include the nucleus
Nucleus
, Surrounded by the cytoplasm. Generally located in the
center of the cell. The largest membrane-bound organelle.
Nuclear envelope
Comprised of two membranes. The outer membrane is
continuous with the membranes of the endoplasmic
reticulum. The inner membrane encloses the neoplasm.
Nucleous
Contained in the nucleus. A small dense structure
composed largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, the
DNA binding proteins (the histones that regulate the cells's
activity). Primary functions are cell division and control of
genetic information replication and repair of DNA and
transcription of information stored in DNA. Most of the
processing of RNA
Cytoplasm
aqueous solution (cytosol) that fills the cytoplasmic matrix.
Represents about half the volume of a eukaryotic cell.
Contains thousands of enzymes, ribosomes, proteins,
functions as a storage unit.
Ribosomes
RNA protein complex (neucleoproteins). Synthesized in
the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through
pores in the nuclear envelope (nuclear pore complexes).
may float free or attach to the outer membrane of the ER.
Chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
(endo = within; plasma = cytoplasm; reticulum = network)
A membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and
transport of the protein and lipid components of most of
the cell's organelles. Consist of a network of tubular or
