Subject: Engineering Chemistry
Course Code: ENCH101A
Program: B. Tech
Faculty Name: Dr. Neeraj Kumari
Assistant Professor
School of Basic and Applied Sciences
,Agen
da
Characteristics of Water
Hardness of water
Alkalinity of water
Removal of hardness of water
Quiz
Support Material
References
,Water
Characteristics
Water has three characteristics:
Physical
Chemical and
Biological characteristics.
, Physical
Characteristics
Physical characteristics of water (temperature, colour, taste, odour and etc.) are determined by
of touch, sight, smell and taste.
The temperature of water affects some of the important physical properties and characteris
water: thermal capacity, density, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, specific conductiv
salinity and solubility of dissolved gases and etc. Chemical and biological reaction rates incr
with increasing temperature. Reaction rates usually assumed to double for an increase in
temperature of 10 °C. The temperature of water in streams and rivers throughout the world
from 0 to 35 °C.
Colour in water is primarily a concern of water quality for aesthetic reason. Coloured water
the appearance of being unfit to drink, even though the water may be perfectly safe for pub
On the other hand, colour can indicate the presence of organic substances, such as algae or h
compounds. More recently, colour has been used as a quantitative assessment of the presenc
potentially hazardous or toxic organic materials in water.
The extent of taste or odour present in a particular sample of water is measured by a term c
odour intensity, which is related with the threshold odour or threshold odour number. Wate
tested is therefore gradually diluted with odour free water, and the mixture at which the de
of odour by human observation is just lost, is determined. The number of times the sample i
diluted represents the threshold odour number. For public supplies, the water should gener
Course Code: ENCH101A
Program: B. Tech
Faculty Name: Dr. Neeraj Kumari
Assistant Professor
School of Basic and Applied Sciences
,Agen
da
Characteristics of Water
Hardness of water
Alkalinity of water
Removal of hardness of water
Quiz
Support Material
References
,Water
Characteristics
Water has three characteristics:
Physical
Chemical and
Biological characteristics.
, Physical
Characteristics
Physical characteristics of water (temperature, colour, taste, odour and etc.) are determined by
of touch, sight, smell and taste.
The temperature of water affects some of the important physical properties and characteris
water: thermal capacity, density, specific weight, viscosity, surface tension, specific conductiv
salinity and solubility of dissolved gases and etc. Chemical and biological reaction rates incr
with increasing temperature. Reaction rates usually assumed to double for an increase in
temperature of 10 °C. The temperature of water in streams and rivers throughout the world
from 0 to 35 °C.
Colour in water is primarily a concern of water quality for aesthetic reason. Coloured water
the appearance of being unfit to drink, even though the water may be perfectly safe for pub
On the other hand, colour can indicate the presence of organic substances, such as algae or h
compounds. More recently, colour has been used as a quantitative assessment of the presenc
potentially hazardous or toxic organic materials in water.
The extent of taste or odour present in a particular sample of water is measured by a term c
odour intensity, which is related with the threshold odour or threshold odour number. Wate
tested is therefore gradually diluted with odour free water, and the mixture at which the de
of odour by human observation is just lost, is determined. The number of times the sample i
diluted represents the threshold odour number. For public supplies, the water should gener
