PSY 383 Exam 2 | Questions with Verified Answers

PSY 383 Exam 2 | Questions with Verified Answers The process of primary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's _____. meaning of the event The process of secondary appraisal involves the evaluation of one's _____. personal resources The fight-or-flight response _____. involves arousal of the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system The first phase of the general adaptation syndrome is _____. Alarm The last phase of the general adaptation syndrome is _____. Exhaustion The correct sequence of phases of the general adaptation syndrome is _____. alarm, resistance, and exhaustion According to Selye (1956, 1976), the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome is responsible for the person becoming mobilized to meet the threat. alarm According to Selye (1956, 1976), the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome is responsible for the person making efforts to cope with the threat. resistance According to Selye (1956, 1976), the _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome occurs if the person fails to overcome the threat and depletes its physiological resources in the process of trying. Exhaustion According to its critics, Selye's (1956, 1976) model _____. fails to consider the role of psychological appraisal in stress One of the criticisms of Selye's model concerns the fact that _____ produce the same endocrinological responses. not all stressors The _____ response to stress is especially characteristic of females, related to the release of the stress hormone, oxytocin, and may be necessary in the protection of offspring. tend-and-befriend The primary biological factor in the tend-and-befriend mechanism is _____. Oxytocin Of the four most important pathways by which stress affects health, the first one to occur is usually related to _____. Physiology Of the four most important pathways by which stress affects health, the last one to occur is usually related to _____. health care The correct order of the pathways by which stress affects health is _____. physiology, health behaviors, psychosocial resources, and health care The adrenal cortex produces _____ in response to stress. Glucocorticoids Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis results in the secretion of _____. Cortisol Research suggests that individual differences in reactivity to stress are related to individual differences in _____. acute and chronic illness A high waist-to-hip ratio is an indication of a: high allostatic load A low plasma fibrinogen is an indication of a _____. low allostatic load Studies of vulnerable populations, e.g., children, older adults, exposed to a chronic stressor indicate they _____. exhibit little adaptation to chronic stressors The _____ paradigm takes people into the laboratory, exposes them to short-term stressful events, and then observes the impact of that stress on their physiological, neuroendocrine, and psychological responses. acute stress Professor Woster brings his participants into the laboratory, attaches electrodes and sensors to them, and has them play a computer game. One group of participants hears six loud bursts of noise at random intervals. The second group hears the same bursts of noise also at random intervals but just before each burst occurs a bluebird flies across the computer screen. Professor Woster is using the _____ paradigm to study the effect of noise on physiological responses acute stress According to Holmes and Rahe (1967), an event is potentially stressful if it _____. requires adaptation The relationship between scores on the Stressful Life Events (SLE) inventory and illness is _____. Modest Which of the following is a valid criticism of Holmes and Rahe's (1967) Stressful Life Events (SLE) inventory? It fails to consider individual differences in the experience and reporting of events. Which of the following is an invalid criticism of Holmes and Rahe's (1967) Stressful Life Events (SRE) inventory? Some of the items on the list are too specific. The occurrence of daily hassles _____. reduces psychological well-being over the short term Hassles are minor life events that _____. have a cumulative effect on health and illness Individuals who are prone to react to stress with _____ report more daily hassles than are those who do not react in this manner. Anxiety Risky families are those that _____. are high in conflict or abuse and low in warmth and nurturance Chronic stress appears to _____. contribute to psychological distress and physical illness Karoshi is a Japanese term which refers to _____. death from overwork Mike has been having difficulty meeting the demands of the two executives who oversee his work area and communicate different expectations. One executive is concerned about production and constantly urges Mike to meet performance quotas. The other is concerned about quality assurance and would like Mike to slow down and focus on the quality of his work. This is an example of _____. role conflict In one study, air traffic controllers who _____ were more likely to become ill or to experience an accidental injury than their colleagues. had few social contacts The effects of unemployment _____. include psychological and physical symptoms Researchers investigating the effects of multiple roles on women conclude that _____. combining motherhood with employment can help improve self-esteem Who of the following is MOST likely to experience illness due to the stress associated with their job? Susie, a single mother of a five-year old boy, works long hours in a low-paying position. Which of the following statements best defines coping? The thoughts and behaviors used to manage internal and external demands of situations that are appraised as stressful The relationship between coping and a stressful event is a _____ process. Dynamic Neuroticism coupled with social inhibition and isolation is usually referred to as the _____ personality. Type D Positive emotional states are known to reduce levels of _____ which is a stress indicator. cortisol According to Scheier, Weintraub, and Carver, optimists cope more effectively in stressful situations because they are likely to use _____ coping strategies. problem-focused Psychological control is a belief that: one can determine one's own behavior, influence one's environment, and bring about desired outcomes. When optimists' expectations are not met or when they face resistance in pursuing their goals, they are likely to experience: short-term physiological conditions. M. F. Scheier, C. S. Carver, and M. W. Bridges developed a scale of dispositional optimism to: measure pervasive individual differences.