BIOS 255 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
What is homeostasis? - Answer- maintenance of a stable internal environment with
the contribution of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - Answer- -Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - Answer- Body REVERSES, or goes
against, an original stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - Answer- Amplifies the change from the
normal level. (Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - Answer- negative
Inferior - Answer- Below; at a lower level
Superior - Answer- Above; higher level
Lateral - Answer- Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answer- Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - Answer- Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - Answer- Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - Answer- divides body into left and right
Transverse - Answer- Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - Answer- toward the front of the body
Posterior - Answer- toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - Answer- Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - Answer- Electrons
Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - Answer- Protons
, pH scale - Answer- Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- pH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer- Protein
synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? -
Answer- Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - Answer- 23 pairs
What kind of cell division results in a haploid? - Answer- Meiosis
Meiosis I - Answer- Splits genetic material in half, producing a diploid
Meiosis II - Answer- Separates sister chromatids
-four haploid daughter cells
-develop into egg or sperm
Prophase - Answer- Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves,
spindle forms
Metaphase - Answer- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - Answer- Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - Answer- Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei
are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - Answer- epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - Answer- -Cells sit on basement
membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement
layer? - Answer- Cell regeneration is triggered.
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found? - Answer- heart, blood vessels,
kidneys, lungs
Where can you find transitional epithelium? - Answer- urinary bladder
Where can columnar epithelium be found? - Answer- passages of the respiratory
system
What is homeostasis? - Answer- maintenance of a stable internal environment with
the contribution of all organ systems
What are the components of a homeostatic mechanism? - Answer- -Stimulus
-Receptors
-Control center
-Effector
-Response
What is a negative feedback mechanism? - Answer- Body REVERSES, or goes
against, an original stimulus to return to homeostasis
Example: Blood glucose regulation after eating.
What is a positive feedback mechanism? - Answer- Amplifies the change from the
normal level. (Agrees with the change)
Example: Childbirth, blood clotting
What feedback mechanism is most common? - Answer- negative
Inferior - Answer- Below; at a lower level
Superior - Answer- Above; higher level
Lateral - Answer- Side; Away from the midline of the body
Proximal - Answer- Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - Answer- Father away from the point of attachment
Medial - Answer- Toward the midline of the body
Sagittal - Answer- divides body into left and right
Transverse - Answer- Divides body into upper and lower parts
Anterior - Answer- toward the front of the body
Posterior - Answer- toward the back of the body
Frontal plane - Answer- Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
portions.
Which part of the atom is involved in chemical reactions? - Answer- Electrons
Which part of the atom makes up the atomic number? - Answer- Protons
, pH scale - Answer- Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration
- pH < 7: Acidic
-pH > 7: Alkaline (basic)
-pH = 7: neutral
What is the main function on rough endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer- Protein
synthesis
What kind of cell division results in a diploid, increasing the number of cells? -
Answer- Mitosis
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? - Answer- 23 pairs
What kind of cell division results in a haploid? - Answer- Meiosis
Meiosis I - Answer- Splits genetic material in half, producing a diploid
Meiosis II - Answer- Separates sister chromatids
-four haploid daughter cells
-develop into egg or sperm
Prophase - Answer- Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves,
spindle forms
Metaphase - Answer- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - Answer- Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - Answer- Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei
are formed.
What are the 4 types of tissues? - Answer- epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
What are the properties of epithelial tissue? - Answer- -Cells sit on basement
membrane
-Has apical surface and basal surface
-Avascular
-Polarity
-Innervated
What occurs when the apical surface of epithelial cells separate from the basement
layer? - Answer- Cell regeneration is triggered.
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found? - Answer- heart, blood vessels,
kidneys, lungs
Where can you find transitional epithelium? - Answer- urinary bladder
Where can columnar epithelium be found? - Answer- passages of the respiratory
system
