BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology Test Questions and Answers

BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology Test Questions and Answers Describe the function of the nucleolus - AnswersProduces ribosomes and RNA Describe the function of the cell wall - AnswersProvides rigidity and protection to the cell Describe the function of the chloroplasts - AnswersSite of photosynthesis as they contain chlorophyll Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - AnswersA channel through the cell wall the allows transport of materials from one cell to another Describe the function of the amyoplasts - AnswersStores starch and converts starch back into glucose when the plant needs energy Describe the function of the vacuole - AnswersStores water and chemicals for cell use. Also maintains turgor of cell Describe the function of the tonoplasts - AnswersMembrane the surrounds the vacuole. Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water flow in and out of the vacuole Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - AnswersPermeable cell wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semi-permeable cell wall Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - AnswersClosely packed together Chloroplasts Large vacuole Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - AnswersTo absorb lots of light for photosynthesis Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together - AnswersTo form a continuous layer in the leaf Explain why palisade cells have a large vacuole - AnswersTo maintain turgor (pushes against the cell wall to maintain rigid shape) Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell - AnswersRoot hair shape Large vacuole Thin cellulose walls Explain why root hair cells have an elongated section known as the root hair - AnswersIncreased surface area for maximum movement of water into the cell Explain why root hair cells have a large vacuole - AnswersContains cell sap with low water potential to encourage water into the cell Explain why root hair cells have thin cellulose walls - AnswersEncourage movement of water and minerals into the cell. Short distance for osmosis and diffusion Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell - AnswersLots of mitochondria Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes) Haploid nucleus Tail for movement Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail) - AnswersTo allow the sperm to move to the egg Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of mitochondria - AnswersTo produce the large amounts of energy needed for movement Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head - AnswersTo push through the protective layer of the egg cell Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head - AnswersTo digest the zona pellucida to allow entry into the egg cell Explain why sperm cells have a haploid nucleus - AnswersContains half the genetic material. Describe the adaptations of egg cells - AnswersContains a haploid nucleus Protective outer layer (zona pellucida) Corona radiata Explain why egg cells have a haploid nucleus - AnswersContains half the genetic material Explain why egg cells have a zona pellucida (protective layer) - AnswersProtects the cell and only allows one sperm cell to enter. Explain why egg cells have a corona radiata (two or three layers attached to the zona pellucida) - AnswersContains all of the proteins needed to develop the fertilised cell Describe the adaptations of red blood cells - AnswersNo nucleus (mammals only) Biconcave shape Haemoglobin