,Shift vs. Drift - CORRECT ANSWERS-Shift is caused by large changes of the genome
(specifically the genes that code for antigens)--this generally leads to larger than normal
outbreaks. drift is caused by smaller point mutations in the same genes. this causes the
normally seasonal flu outbreaks.
How are lysogenic prophages reactivated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phages are
activated most commonly by damage to the host bacterium. The stress on the organism
causes the reactivation. UV light can damage DNA, thus activating the phage.
How does chlamydia cause symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Chlamydial infection
results in the destruction of host cells by the immune system. This destruction is what
causes inflammation and damage at the site of the infection.
A 20-year-old male reports to his physician that he has experienced painful urination, as
if he were urinating molten solder. He has also noticed a pus-like discharge from his
penis. The patient reports having been sexually active with two or three women in the
previous six months. Because his partners reported being "absolutely sure" that they
wouldn't get pregnant and carried no sexually transmitted diseases, the patient had not
used a condom. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Questions as followed:
What disease does this patient have? What is the common name for this disease? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-gonorrhea; " the clap"
How was this disease transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is most commonly
transmitted by unprotected sex.
Based on the recommendations in this textbook, which antibiotic would be the treatment
of choice for this disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-cephalosporin
Virulence factors associated with this organism include all of the following, EXCEPT
__________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Flagella
Neisseria gonorrheae does not have flagella.
Why did his sexual partners believe they were not infected with a STD? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Clinical signs/symptoms in females are often not detectable, especially
early in the infection.
-PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility occur later in the course of the disease.
__________ are the primary means by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches to the
mucous membranes of the reproductive tract. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fimbrae
Who do you think would be more likely NOT to recognize the symptoms of gonorrhea: a
man or a woman? Why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Because of her particular anatomy,
the normal discharge associated with the female reproductive tract, plus the fact that
more women are asymptomatic for gonorrhea, a woman would be less likely to
recognize the symptoms as being gonorrhea and seek treatment.
, Even though Escherichia coli can cause, on occasion, severe human disease, there is
no vaccine developed for it. Why do you think this is? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is
no vaccine developed for Escherichia coli because it is an advantageous part of our
normal intestinal flora.
Of the pathogenic forms of Escherichia coli, the strain O157:H7 is the primary cause of
hemorrhagic colitis, or bloody diarrhea, and can progress to the often fatal hemolytic
uremic syndrome (HUS). What is the main reason for the severity of illness from this
strain of E. coli? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The main reason for the severity of illness
comes from the ability of this particular strain of E. coli to produce Shiga-like toxin,
which causes an intense inflammatory response in the gut.
T or F: Humans are the sole hosts of Salmonella typhi. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
How is pneumonic plague transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inhalation of
respiratory aerosols from a person infected with Yersinia pestis.
Bordetella pertussis causes disease by - CORRECT ANSWERS-interfering with the
action of the ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea.
Two patients - a woman and her husband, ages 23 and 22, respectively - arrive at the
health clinic one morning. They report having had severe abdominal cramps, grossly
bloody diarrhea, nausea, and fever for 48 hours. Cultures of stool samples grown under
microaerophilic, capneic conditions contain comma-shaped, Gram-negative bacilli. Both
the patients are lactovegetarians and report being part of a "cow leasing" program at a
local dairy in which patrons lease part of a cow's milk production so that they can drink
natural, whole, raw milk. The couple devised the program so that they and several
neighbors could circumvent state regulations prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk.
Investigators obtained and cultured a milk sample from the dairy's bulk milk tank: -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Questions as Followed:
What is the most likely cause of this couple's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the
United States.
How did this couple become infected with C. jejuni? - CORRECT ANSWERS-ingestion
of contaminated, raw milk
What is the word used to refer to diseases transmissible from animals to humans? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A zoonosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans.
The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of -
CORRECT ANSWERS-invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the stomach.
(specifically the genes that code for antigens)--this generally leads to larger than normal
outbreaks. drift is caused by smaller point mutations in the same genes. this causes the
normally seasonal flu outbreaks.
How are lysogenic prophages reactivated? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Phages are
activated most commonly by damage to the host bacterium. The stress on the organism
causes the reactivation. UV light can damage DNA, thus activating the phage.
How does chlamydia cause symptoms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Chlamydial infection
results in the destruction of host cells by the immune system. This destruction is what
causes inflammation and damage at the site of the infection.
A 20-year-old male reports to his physician that he has experienced painful urination, as
if he were urinating molten solder. He has also noticed a pus-like discharge from his
penis. The patient reports having been sexually active with two or three women in the
previous six months. Because his partners reported being "absolutely sure" that they
wouldn't get pregnant and carried no sexually transmitted diseases, the patient had not
used a condom. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Questions as followed:
What disease does this patient have? What is the common name for this disease? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-gonorrhea; " the clap"
How was this disease transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWERS-This is most commonly
transmitted by unprotected sex.
Based on the recommendations in this textbook, which antibiotic would be the treatment
of choice for this disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-cephalosporin
Virulence factors associated with this organism include all of the following, EXCEPT
__________. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Flagella
Neisseria gonorrheae does not have flagella.
Why did his sexual partners believe they were not infected with a STD? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Clinical signs/symptoms in females are often not detectable, especially
early in the infection.
-PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility occur later in the course of the disease.
__________ are the primary means by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches to the
mucous membranes of the reproductive tract. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Fimbrae
Who do you think would be more likely NOT to recognize the symptoms of gonorrhea: a
man or a woman? Why? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Because of her particular anatomy,
the normal discharge associated with the female reproductive tract, plus the fact that
more women are asymptomatic for gonorrhea, a woman would be less likely to
recognize the symptoms as being gonorrhea and seek treatment.
, Even though Escherichia coli can cause, on occasion, severe human disease, there is
no vaccine developed for it. Why do you think this is? - CORRECT ANSWERS-There is
no vaccine developed for Escherichia coli because it is an advantageous part of our
normal intestinal flora.
Of the pathogenic forms of Escherichia coli, the strain O157:H7 is the primary cause of
hemorrhagic colitis, or bloody diarrhea, and can progress to the often fatal hemolytic
uremic syndrome (HUS). What is the main reason for the severity of illness from this
strain of E. coli? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The main reason for the severity of illness
comes from the ability of this particular strain of E. coli to produce Shiga-like toxin,
which causes an intense inflammatory response in the gut.
T or F: Humans are the sole hosts of Salmonella typhi. - CORRECT ANSWERS-True
How is pneumonic plague transmitted? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inhalation of
respiratory aerosols from a person infected with Yersinia pestis.
Bordetella pertussis causes disease by - CORRECT ANSWERS-interfering with the
action of the ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea.
Two patients - a woman and her husband, ages 23 and 22, respectively - arrive at the
health clinic one morning. They report having had severe abdominal cramps, grossly
bloody diarrhea, nausea, and fever for 48 hours. Cultures of stool samples grown under
microaerophilic, capneic conditions contain comma-shaped, Gram-negative bacilli. Both
the patients are lactovegetarians and report being part of a "cow leasing" program at a
local dairy in which patrons lease part of a cow's milk production so that they can drink
natural, whole, raw milk. The couple devised the program so that they and several
neighbors could circumvent state regulations prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk.
Investigators obtained and cultured a milk sample from the dairy's bulk milk tank: -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Questions as Followed:
What is the most likely cause of this couple's disease? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the
United States.
How did this couple become infected with C. jejuni? - CORRECT ANSWERS-ingestion
of contaminated, raw milk
What is the word used to refer to diseases transmissible from animals to humans? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A zoonosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans.
The signs and symptoms of infection with Helicobacter pylori are the result of -
CORRECT ANSWERS-invasion by H. pylori into the mucosa of the stomach.
