BEHV 5613 TEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

BEHV 5613 TEST QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS Tasha's friend, Mandy, is a BCBA who encouraged Tasha to become an RBT and then helped her to get a position at the company where Mandy works. Tasha has become friendly with another RBT who works under Mandy's supervision. She told Tasha that Mandy filled out a data sheet to indicate a student was doing better than she really was to help the child continue to receive funding. Tasha isn't sure whether to report Mandy or talk to her directly about it. Which of the following is the best way in which this dilemma could be categorized? - Answerstruth vs. loyalty Emiliano has just found out that his friend is cheating on her husband. He decides that he wants to tell the husband because he would want to know if his wife was cheating. Which principle is Emiliano using to make this decision? - Answerscare-based thinking Masha is an RBT working in a classroom for students who are severely affected by disabilities. Masha's primary responsibility is working with Jack who is fourteen years old and is not toilet trained. When Jack soils his diaper, Masha is shown how to have Jack lie down on a mat in the communal bathroom where she can help to clean him up. Which of the following options would best reflect the highest level of moral thinking based on Kohlberg's work on the moral development children? - AnswersMasha advocates for there to be a private place where she can clean Jack up without others seeing this process. What does Kidder assert that we must do to be ethically fit? (Select all that apply) - Answersbeing committed to caring. being mentally engaged in grappling with the tough issues. In the story about Floyd, Kidder talks about some specific factors that helped him have the courage to act ethically. Which of the following were listed as reasons he acted ethically in this situation? (Select all that apply) - AnswersHe knew that the culture of his firm supported ethical behavior. He wanted to do what was in the best long-term interest of the firm. In which of the following ways does Kidder describe character as having both a personal and social aspect? (Select all that apply) - AnswersIt is staying ethically fit through interactions with others. It is what you communicate to others about yourself. There are benefits from being part of a culture that values ethical behavior. Which of the following are asserted by Kidder regarding ethics and definitions? (Select all that apply) - AnswersThe majority of people can recognize good. For ethics to be applicable, it must be viewed as the stuff of daily life. KIdder puts forth the idea that it is worth distinguishing between morals and ethics, but it is NOT worth distinguishing between morals and manners. - AnswersFalse Lord Moulton described the ethical middle ground as what? - Answersthe region of obedience to the unenforceable If it isn't illegal, it must be ethical. - AnswersFalse Regarding regulation, Kidder asserts we are choosing between which of the following TWO options? (Select all that apply) - Answersunenforceable self-regulation. enforceable legal regulation Aristotle put forth the idea that to have excellent moral virtue, we must have the quality of aiming at the ____________. - Answersmiddle Which one of the following does Kidder describe as being the downfall of states, treaties, and other agreements? - Answerstrust Obeying the law is the equivalent of behaving ethically. - AnswersFalse What characterizes an effective code of ethics? (Select all that apply) - AnswersIt centers on moral values. It can be expressed in many ways (e.g., positive vs. negative, a series of words vs. statements) It is brief. Kidder has done significant work with individuals discussing core values. Which values consistently appear on the lists that such groups develop? (Select all that apply) - Answerstolerance, love, truth, fairness We should abandon the framework of basic, shared prohibitions because all ethics are relative. - AnswersFalse Which of the following does Kidder assert, either himself or by quoting others, regarding relativism? (Select all that apply) - AnswersIn the end, ideas seep down to the level of practice. Some arguments are more firmly grounded in fact and reason than others. The rightness or wrongness of an act is determined only by the morality of one's own motives or intentions in a given situation. This describes ___________ ethics. - Answerssituation It is easier to get agreement on the level of _________ than on the level of ___________ . - Answersvalues, tactics We can be prepared for moral dilemmas that may arise if recognize our ___________ values. - Answerscore Kidder cites what factor as the "great danger" that lies in the hands of ordinary people? - AnswersAt a critical moment, we may not realize we are are walking into moral temptation. What are the ways that we typically think of wrong? (Select all that apply) - AnswersA lack of correspondence what is said and what actually happened. A lack of correspondence between what we believe to be right and what we actually do. We don't know the law and its applications, or we willfully choose to violate the law. Kidder asserts that most wrongdoing arises from immorality. Immorality arises from our actions being out of sync with our values. Why does Kidder suggest that this lack of correspondence occurs? - AnswersOur values have not been adequately defined. BCBAs cheating on their schoolwork is NOT a victimless crime. This is because, like doctors, they need to know what they are doing since they will have a significant impact on the lives of those they serve. - AnswersTrue Those who are raised in more affluent families are less likely to cheat. - AnswersFalse Lawrence Kohlberg posited a theory regarding the moral development of children. Which of the following describes the highest and final stage of moral development? - Answerspersonal commitment to principles such as justice, equal human rights, and individual dignity. How does the author of this textbook define "good" people? (Select all that apply) - AnswersThey seem to have a deep core of ethical values. They seem to struggle over issues that some people might not even recognize as problems. They are aware of a sense of vision. The story about Gray indicates that he wants to avoid even the appearance of doing something wrong. - AnswersTrue The author discusses which of the following as being characteristic of "tough choices"? (Select all that apply) - AnswersThey contrast two possibilities that both could be considered right. They require us to consider our deepest values The author considers it helpful to categorize dilemmas into which of the following common paradigms? (Select all that apply) - Answerstruth vs. loyalty, justice vs. mercy, individual vs. community, short-term vs. long-term How does the process of categorizing a dilemma into a paradigm guide us to make difficult choices? (Select all that apply) - AnswersIt helps us to see past the unnecessary details and into the core issue. Reducing dilemmas into common patterns helps us to see the similarity with other problems and how it is a workable problem. It helps us separate right vs. right issues from right vs. wrong issues. If we find it difficult to categorize an issue into one of the common "right vs. right" dilemma paradigms, this likely means that it is actually a right vs. wrong issue. - AnswersTrue The author talks about which of the following principles as providing different lenses through which we can view our ethical dilemmas? (Select all that apply) - Answersends-based thinking, care-based thinking, rules-based thinking Match each of the following statements with the shorthand label described by Kidder. - AnswersImagine how you would feel if you were the recipient of your actions (care). Do what leads to the greatest good for the greatest number (ends). Follow the principle that you want everyone else to follow (rules). Requires one to predict outcomes and consider the consequences (ends). Stick to your principles, despite the consequences (rules). Which of the following are among the first three steps Kidder mentions as underlying ethical decision making? (Select all that apply) - Answersidentify that an issue requires attention. gather the relevant facts. determine if I am morally obligated and responsible to do anything regarding a moral dilemma. Recognizing that there is a moral issue requires us to discriminate between which of the following questions? (Select all that apply) - AnswersIs their truly a moral issue being faced? Is this actually a question about manners and social conventions? Is this actually a question about conflicting economic, technological, and aesthetic values? Why can it sometimes be problematic to consider the stakeholders when determining the actors? (Select all that apply) - AnswersThey may fail to consider care-based and rules-based thinking as part of their decision. They may only consider ends-based utilitarianism. What tests can be applied to determine whether wrongdoing is involved? (Select all that apply) - AnswersAre codes of conduct involved?Would somebody I look up to for their moral character do this? Is lawbreaking involved?How would you feel if your actions became public?Does it go against your personal moral code? After determining that you are not deciding between right and wrong, what are the next two steps? (Select all that apply) - Answerstest for right vs. right paradigms to help guide you. consider the three resolution principles. Why is it important to eventually revisit your decision? (Select all that apply) - Answersadjusts the moral compass. provides new examples for moral discussion. builds expertise. Which of the following is true when considering ethics as they apply to specific disciplines and professions? - AnswersEach discipline and profession has underlying core values that lend well to the analysis described in this book. Please match each of the following descriptors to the type of thinking. - Answersdo what's best for the greatest number of people (ends) follow your highest sense of principle (rule) do what you want others to do to you (care) deontological (rule) putting ourselves in another's shoes (care) utilitarianism (ends) right and wrong can be assessed by examining consequences (ends) Golden Rule (care) teleological philosophy (ends) criterion of reversibility (care) I ought never to act except in a way that I can also will that my maxim should become universal law (rule) act on our highest sense of inner conscience (rule) our actions conform to certain large patterns which can be converted into universal principles of action (rule) The three modes of decision making described in this chapter provide detailed formulas for action. - AnswersFalse Which of the following "imponderables" factor into ethical decision making? (Select all that apply) - Answersjudgement. moral awareness. perception. discrimination. character. The role of the decision process is not always to determine which of two courses of action to take. Sometimes, the best alternative is to find a third course of action which forms the middle ground between two less acceptable solutions. This is referred to in the book as a ___________. - Answerstrilemma The most satisfactory way to resolve ethical dilemmas is to examine things in what manner? - Answersby finding a middle ground between subjective and objective Which of the following are included in John Gardner's list of ingredients of successful communities? (Select all that apply) - AnswersLeadership tasks are shared such that there is individual involvement in the pursuit of shared purpose. Groups can face and resolve differences without fragmenting. Norms and values are explicit and there are many opportunities to express values in relevant action. Members are nurtured and protected which leads to a feeling that everybody wins. When it comes to environmentalism, conservation vs. development falls mostly under which type of ethical dilemma? - Answersshort term vs. long term According to Amitai Etzioni, "It is through community that we find ____________ for our moral inclinations and provide reinforcement to our fellow human beings." - Answersreinforcement When examining ethical dilemmas, the long-term should always be prioritized over the short-term. - AnswersFalse On the topic of justice vs. mercy, Rawls talks about love being fine when only one person is in focus. However, "The difficulty is that the love of several persons is thrown into confusion once the claims of these persons are in conflict." It is in this case that ____________ must rise above ____________ . - Answersjustice, mercy The dichotomy between science and the humanities, objective and subjective is a type of ___________ that is enforced by the two- part aptitude exams for college-bound students in the USA. - Answersdualism According to Kidder, which of the dilemmas involve counting? (Select all that apply) - Answersshort term vs. long term, self vs. community Generally speaking, men tend towards an ethics of _________ , while women tend towards an ethics of _________ . Typically, men care most that _____________________ , while women care most that __________________ . - AnswersAnswer 1: justice Answer 2: care Answer 3: everyone is treated the same Answer 4: no one is hurt Kidder describes ethical dilemmas in what manner? - Answersright vs. right decisions where two moral values are in conflict In what ways is the truth typically misreported? (Select all that apply) - AnswersWe report things happened that did not.We don't report the entire truth or we leave out important details. We obscure a relevant and important truth with other less important truths. Which of the following does Josiah Royce list as being reasons that people show loyalty? (Select all that apply) - AnswersI'm loyal because I am being paid. I'm loyal for emotional reasons.I'm loyal due to my allegiance to a group. I'm loyal due to my political beliefs. Loyalty typically involves fidelity to a person or concept(s) that is strong enough to resist belief in contrary facts. - AnswersTrue Why does Dr. Figueroa refer to science and ethics as "fraternal twins," beginning with much activity in Ancient Greece? (Select all that apply) - AnswersPhilosophers studying science and ethics ignored the common customs and questioned them. Philosophers were asking questions about science and ethics that the average person couldn't ask. Philosophers were using reason to answer their questions about science and ethics. What is natural philosophy? (Select all that apply) - Answersphilosophy that uses natural terms and keeps these terms consistent, using logical reasoning. philosophy that asks questions about the nature of nature. Why does Socrates stand out in the history of the study of ethics? (Select all that apply) - AnswersHe introduced the meaning of the "Good Life" and tried to figure out the goal of human life. He used consistent, universal, non-relative, and predictive answers in his study of ethics rather than supernatural answers. Matter is the subject matter of natural philosophy, and The Good is the subject matter of ethics. What are some similarities between how these disciplines approach their subject matter? (Select all that apply) - AnswersThey are anti-common sense; they did not rely upon cultural myths to answer their questions. They were skeptical of Manifest Images (human nature). They are approached with a universal and logical consistency, maintaining their elements/nature in all instances. They are anti-relativism. Natural philosophy and ethics were born of the same parentage of anti- relativism. Today, it is becoming harder to objectively define The Good, a problem that Socrates and his colleagues also shared. Why is this so? - Answersbecause they have so many ethical levels and there are many different cultures to account for Does cultural relativism imply ethical relativism? - Answersno Why is ethical relativism impermissible for dominance of the philosophical tradition? - AnswersWhen pushed to the extremes, ethical relativism doesn't have much substance due to the kinds of implications it would have in society. What is legal relativism? - Answerslaws devised by different societies and contexts relative to the contextual social ethics and moral justifications Why is professional relativism permissible in both fact and prudence? - AnswersDifferent professions involve different goals, differential training, specific services to society, and require ethical conduct that adjudicates between philosophical morality, normative ethics, and practical application and contextualization. What happens as we move through the levels of the analysis of ethics? (Select all that apply) - AnswersWe take our moral rules and make them usable to practitioners. Moral virtues operate differently. The field is narrowed and practicality of the rules becomes more apparent. Which level of the analysis of ethics is of our most concern as behavior analysts? - Answerspractical ethics In behavior analysis, our clients have rights, e.g. the right to treatment, right to privacy, right to not be coerced, etc. What our some of our rights as behavior analysts? (Select all that apply) - Answersd. Right to not change my data if pressured by colleagues. c. Right to not accept gifts if pressured by clients. a. Right to not be harmed. b. Right to maintain ethical code on my profession What does each level of ethical analysis track back to? - Answersthe other levels Can we do science without ethics? (Select all that apply) - AnswersNo, and we don't lose objectivity as a science when we engage in ethics; our virtues of objectivity get higher. No, because science is a profession and has inherent interests and values that are fine-tuned into it. What is one feature of a legitimate profession? - Answershaving codified ethics, policies, and appropriate practice What is one result of our obligation to serve society? (Select all that apply) - Answerslarger moral obligations. certain privileges What are some ways to avoid harm, disrespect, and abuse of power when using our code of ethics as professionals? (Select all that apply) - Answerswe will know if our code isn't good enough if it is hindering our work, or that we are not using our code of ethics properly. by acting as a critic of our own ethics and time. How do we determine moral agency/ who is a moral agent? - Answersby determining if there is a moral psychology present: can they do the things we ask of them in our moral theory? To whom do moral rules apply? (Select all that apply) - Answersto those who have an empathetic imagination. to those who are autonomous