BIO 311C QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Briefly explain why DNA replication is an exergonic process.
When new nucleotides are added to a growing DNA strand, phosphate bands are
broken and energy is released.
What is the relationship between operons and transcription units?
An operon is made up of a transcription unit and associated regulatory DNA sequences.
When in a complex with ________, the CAP protein binds to the promoter of the
lacoperon and __________ the expression of the lacoperon.
cAMP; increases
The most efficient control of eukaryotic gene regulation is achieved at the level of
transcription initiation.
At which of the following level(s) can gene expression be regulated in
eukaryotes?
Passage of mRNA through the nuclear membrane
Destruction of the mRNA
Rate of protein synthesis
By what mechanism does a repressor inhibit prokaryotic gene expression?
It binds to the operator, which prevents RNA polymerase from binding to thepromoter.
Pepsin, a digestive enzyme that degrades proteins in the stomach, is synthesized
as pepsinogen and converted to active pepsin in the stomach by the removal of
several amino acids. The activation of pepsin is an example of
posttranslational regulation.
The place where RNA polymerase first associates with DNA so that transcription
can begin is called the ______ and is located _____ of the transcribed region.
promoter; upstream
Human cells produce perhaps as many as 100,000 different proteins and yet the
human genome has only about 25,000 genes. This is best explained by
alternate splicing
The ribosome binding site is located--------and is where----
just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosome subunit binds the mRNA
Missense
Changes one nucleotidewhich changes the codon(and therefore produces an altered
amino acid sequence)
Nonsense
Changes one nucleotide which changes the codon into a STOP codon
Silent
Changes one nucleotidebut the codon still codes for the same amino acid
Which of the following enzymes are essential at the minimum to create a
recombinant bacterial plasmid with a human DNA insert?
I. DNA Polymerase
II. RNA Polymerase
III. Restriction endonuclease
IV. DNA ligase
V. Reverse transcriptase
III and IV
Briefly explain why DNA replication is an exergonic process.
When new nucleotides are added to a growing DNA strand, phosphate bands are
broken and energy is released.
What is the relationship between operons and transcription units?
An operon is made up of a transcription unit and associated regulatory DNA sequences.
When in a complex with ________, the CAP protein binds to the promoter of the
lacoperon and __________ the expression of the lacoperon.
cAMP; increases
The most efficient control of eukaryotic gene regulation is achieved at the level of
transcription initiation.
At which of the following level(s) can gene expression be regulated in
eukaryotes?
Passage of mRNA through the nuclear membrane
Destruction of the mRNA
Rate of protein synthesis
By what mechanism does a repressor inhibit prokaryotic gene expression?
It binds to the operator, which prevents RNA polymerase from binding to thepromoter.
Pepsin, a digestive enzyme that degrades proteins in the stomach, is synthesized
as pepsinogen and converted to active pepsin in the stomach by the removal of
several amino acids. The activation of pepsin is an example of
posttranslational regulation.
The place where RNA polymerase first associates with DNA so that transcription
can begin is called the ______ and is located _____ of the transcribed region.
promoter; upstream
Human cells produce perhaps as many as 100,000 different proteins and yet the
human genome has only about 25,000 genes. This is best explained by
alternate splicing
The ribosome binding site is located--------and is where----
just upstream of the start codon; the small ribosome subunit binds the mRNA
Missense
Changes one nucleotidewhich changes the codon(and therefore produces an altered
amino acid sequence)
Nonsense
Changes one nucleotide which changes the codon into a STOP codon
Silent
Changes one nucleotidebut the codon still codes for the same amino acid
Which of the following enzymes are essential at the minimum to create a
recombinant bacterial plasmid with a human DNA insert?
I. DNA Polymerase
II. RNA Polymerase
III. Restriction endonuclease
IV. DNA ligase
V. Reverse transcriptase
III and IV
