BIO311C MIDTERM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED
photosynthesis
conversion of sunlight into light energy, in the chloroplast
light reactions
- thykaloid membranes (in the chloroplast)
- input: sunlight, water, ADP + Pi
- output: Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
- sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which excites electrons. they create ATP
and NADPH. water molecules split, and release oxygeen
carbon fixation (calvin cycle)
- stroma (in chloroplast)
- input: carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH
- output: glucose, ADP + Pi, and NADP+
- uses energy in ATP and NADPH to convert to CO2 from atmoshpere into glucose.
uses enzyme catalyzed reaction that fix carbon from CO2 to organic molecules
light reaction and calvin cycle connection
- energy transfer: ATP and NADPH produced in light reactions provide energy needed
for calvin cycle to function
- carbon fixation: calvin cycle used ATP and NADPH energy to fix carbon dioxide and
produce glucose
- basically: light reactions capture solar energy and convert it to chemical energy, and
calvin cycle takes the chemical enrgy to synthesize organic compounds.
semi conservative replication
each new dna molecule has one original and one newly synthesized strand
conservative replication
one dna molecule is completely new and one molecule is the parents copy
dispersive replication
original helix breaks into fragments each fragment is a template for new dna
meseleson and stahl experiment
helicase
unwinds dna by breaking h bonds
topoisomerase
relieves unwinding tension
primases
synthesizes rna primers, the starting point
dna polymerase
add nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction, only add nucleotides to the free 3' (OH - hydroxyl
group)
exonuclease
removes rna primers
ligase
fills in the gaps between dna
synthesize direction
5' to 3'
photosynthesis
conversion of sunlight into light energy, in the chloroplast
light reactions
- thykaloid membranes (in the chloroplast)
- input: sunlight, water, ADP + Pi
- output: Oxygen, ATP, and NADPH
- sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll, which excites electrons. they create ATP
and NADPH. water molecules split, and release oxygeen
carbon fixation (calvin cycle)
- stroma (in chloroplast)
- input: carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH
- output: glucose, ADP + Pi, and NADP+
- uses energy in ATP and NADPH to convert to CO2 from atmoshpere into glucose.
uses enzyme catalyzed reaction that fix carbon from CO2 to organic molecules
light reaction and calvin cycle connection
- energy transfer: ATP and NADPH produced in light reactions provide energy needed
for calvin cycle to function
- carbon fixation: calvin cycle used ATP and NADPH energy to fix carbon dioxide and
produce glucose
- basically: light reactions capture solar energy and convert it to chemical energy, and
calvin cycle takes the chemical enrgy to synthesize organic compounds.
semi conservative replication
each new dna molecule has one original and one newly synthesized strand
conservative replication
one dna molecule is completely new and one molecule is the parents copy
dispersive replication
original helix breaks into fragments each fragment is a template for new dna
meseleson and stahl experiment
helicase
unwinds dna by breaking h bonds
topoisomerase
relieves unwinding tension
primases
synthesizes rna primers, the starting point
dna polymerase
add nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction, only add nucleotides to the free 3' (OH - hydroxyl
group)
exonuclease
removes rna primers
ligase
fills in the gaps between dna
synthesize direction
5' to 3'
