BIO 161 PSU EXAM 5 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Functions of bone
1. Support
- Hold body upright, support muscles and organs
2. Protection
- Enclose important organs
3. Movement
- Provide attachment sites for muscles
4. Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance
- Stores and releases ions needed by the body
- Stores and release salts to buffer the blood
5. Blood Cell Differentiation
- Location of bone marrow, the main producer of blood cells
Diaphysis (long bone) location
shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis (long bone) location
ends of long bones
Medullary cavity location and function
- cavity within the shaft of the long bones
- site of bone marrow production
Endosteum (inside) location and what it contains
- membrane lining medullary cavity
- contains osteogenic (bone-forming) cells
Periosteum (outside) location and what it contains
- tough membrane covering bone
- contains fibrous and osteogenic layers
Articular cartilage location and function
- covers joint
- reduces friction
Examples of each:
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
1. flat - scapula
2. long - femur
3. short - carpals
4. irregular - vertebrae
Spaces in spongy bone vs compact bone
spongy has many, compact has very few
, Tissue name for bones
osseous tissue
Type of matrix in osseous tissue
solid
Three components of connective tissue
cells, fiber, and ground substance
What are the cells in osseous tissue?
What are the fibers in osseous tissue?
What is the ground substance of osseous tissue like?
- osteocytes
- collagen
- solid and mineralized
What are the cells in cartilage?
What are the fibers in cartilage?
What is the ground substance of cartilage like?
- chondrocytes
- collagen
- solid and rubbery (not mineralized)
What is the fetal skeleton made of?
cartilage
What are osteons?
structural and functional unit of compact bone
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of which of the
following substances?
A. Fibers only
B. Ground substance only
C. Cytoplasm only
D. Fibers and ground substance
E. Fibers and cytoplasm only
D. Fibers and ground substance
How do bones receive material and nutrient from the body?
From the central canal through thin channels called canaliculi
How are central canals connected?
by Volkmann's canals
Which situation resists the most force?
A. Holding a paper straw on both ends and trying to push the ends toward the
center of the straw
B. Folding a paper straw in half
A. Holding a paper straw on both ends and trying to push the ends toward the center of
the straw
Osteogenic cells
stem cells differentiate to make new osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
synthesize new matrix
Osteocytes
mature osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix
ANSWERS A+ GRADED
Functions of bone
1. Support
- Hold body upright, support muscles and organs
2. Protection
- Enclose important organs
3. Movement
- Provide attachment sites for muscles
4. Electrolyte and Acid/Base Balance
- Stores and releases ions needed by the body
- Stores and release salts to buffer the blood
5. Blood Cell Differentiation
- Location of bone marrow, the main producer of blood cells
Diaphysis (long bone) location
shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis (long bone) location
ends of long bones
Medullary cavity location and function
- cavity within the shaft of the long bones
- site of bone marrow production
Endosteum (inside) location and what it contains
- membrane lining medullary cavity
- contains osteogenic (bone-forming) cells
Periosteum (outside) location and what it contains
- tough membrane covering bone
- contains fibrous and osteogenic layers
Articular cartilage location and function
- covers joint
- reduces friction
Examples of each:
Flat bone
Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
1. flat - scapula
2. long - femur
3. short - carpals
4. irregular - vertebrae
Spaces in spongy bone vs compact bone
spongy has many, compact has very few
, Tissue name for bones
osseous tissue
Type of matrix in osseous tissue
solid
Three components of connective tissue
cells, fiber, and ground substance
What are the cells in osseous tissue?
What are the fibers in osseous tissue?
What is the ground substance of osseous tissue like?
- osteocytes
- collagen
- solid and mineralized
What are the cells in cartilage?
What are the fibers in cartilage?
What is the ground substance of cartilage like?
- chondrocytes
- collagen
- solid and rubbery (not mineralized)
What is the fetal skeleton made of?
cartilage
What are osteons?
structural and functional unit of compact bone
The extracellular matrix of connective tissue is composed of which of the
following substances?
A. Fibers only
B. Ground substance only
C. Cytoplasm only
D. Fibers and ground substance
E. Fibers and cytoplasm only
D. Fibers and ground substance
How do bones receive material and nutrient from the body?
From the central canal through thin channels called canaliculi
How are central canals connected?
by Volkmann's canals
Which situation resists the most force?
A. Holding a paper straw on both ends and trying to push the ends toward the
center of the straw
B. Folding a paper straw in half
A. Holding a paper straw on both ends and trying to push the ends toward the center of
the straw
Osteogenic cells
stem cells differentiate to make new osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
synthesize new matrix
Osteocytes
mature osteoblasts that are trapped in the matrix
