BIO 161 PSU EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
GRADED
What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
brain and spinal cord
cell bodies and axons
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
nerves
ganglions
Another name for sensory neurons
afferent neurons
Another name for motor neurons
efferent neurons
What are the two classes of afferent neurons and their direction
1. Somatic - from bones, muscles, skin
2. Visceral - from organs
What are the two classes of efferent neurons and their direction
1. Somatic - to bones, muscle, skin
2. Visceral (autonomic) - to organs
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
Free Nerve Endings
- location
- what they sense
- dermis
- temperature and pain
Merkel Cells
- location
- what they sense
- epidermis
- light pressure
Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
- location
- what they sense
- dermis
- deep pressure
Proprioceptors
- function
send signals to the brain about the body's muscles and movement (where and how fast
they are moving in space)
, Assume that threshold voltage is -55 mV. Pressure at a touch receptor in the skin
results in a local potential of -60mV.
Will the person "feel" the pressure?
A. Yes
B. No
B. No
The neuron associated with previous question (one that senses pressure) is part
of the _______________ division.
A. somatic motor
B. visceral motor
C. somatic sensory
D. visceral sensory
C. somatic sensory
Visceral sensory receptors
- where does their input come from?
- what are the two types/ what do they sense?
- organs
- chemoreceptors (sense chemicals) and mechanoreceptors (sense stretch/pressure)
Sensory Division
- what kind of stimuli excites it?
- function?
- where do axons travel here?
-stimulus in the internal or external environment.
- delivers action potentials to CNS via afferent neurons.
- axons travel via the dorsal root.
Motor division
- what are the two major divisions?
- what are their basic functions?
1. Somatic - voluntary movement (muscle contraction)
2. Visceral (also known as ANS) - Involuntary responses of organs
Divisions of visceral motor system and their response
1. Sympathetic division -"Fight or flight" response
2. Parasympathetic division- "Rest and digest" response
Motor neurons leave the spinal cord via the ____________ root of the spinal cord.
A.Dorsal root
B.Ventral root
B. Ventral root
Somatic nervous system
- how many efferent neurons?
- how many targets (effectors)?
- what do the neurons secrete?
- one neuron
- one effector
- secrete acetylcholine (ACh) - cholinergic neurons
GRADED
What makes up the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
brain and spinal cord
cell bodies and axons
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
nerves
ganglions
Another name for sensory neurons
afferent neurons
Another name for motor neurons
efferent neurons
What are the two classes of afferent neurons and their direction
1. Somatic - from bones, muscles, skin
2. Visceral - from organs
What are the two classes of efferent neurons and their direction
1. Somatic - to bones, muscle, skin
2. Visceral (autonomic) - to organs
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
Free Nerve Endings
- location
- what they sense
- dermis
- temperature and pain
Merkel Cells
- location
- what they sense
- epidermis
- light pressure
Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
- location
- what they sense
- dermis
- deep pressure
Proprioceptors
- function
send signals to the brain about the body's muscles and movement (where and how fast
they are moving in space)
, Assume that threshold voltage is -55 mV. Pressure at a touch receptor in the skin
results in a local potential of -60mV.
Will the person "feel" the pressure?
A. Yes
B. No
B. No
The neuron associated with previous question (one that senses pressure) is part
of the _______________ division.
A. somatic motor
B. visceral motor
C. somatic sensory
D. visceral sensory
C. somatic sensory
Visceral sensory receptors
- where does their input come from?
- what are the two types/ what do they sense?
- organs
- chemoreceptors (sense chemicals) and mechanoreceptors (sense stretch/pressure)
Sensory Division
- what kind of stimuli excites it?
- function?
- where do axons travel here?
-stimulus in the internal or external environment.
- delivers action potentials to CNS via afferent neurons.
- axons travel via the dorsal root.
Motor division
- what are the two major divisions?
- what are their basic functions?
1. Somatic - voluntary movement (muscle contraction)
2. Visceral (also known as ANS) - Involuntary responses of organs
Divisions of visceral motor system and their response
1. Sympathetic division -"Fight or flight" response
2. Parasympathetic division- "Rest and digest" response
Motor neurons leave the spinal cord via the ____________ root of the spinal cord.
A.Dorsal root
B.Ventral root
B. Ventral root
Somatic nervous system
- how many efferent neurons?
- how many targets (effectors)?
- what do the neurons secrete?
- one neuron
- one effector
- secrete acetylcholine (ACh) - cholinergic neurons
