DPT 712: THE HEART EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
4 chambers
-2 atrium; 2 ventricles
-separated by a septum
-right and left sides of heart are independent
-right and left sides a connected via one way atrioventricular valves
while separate these two pumps are connected via the ____________and
_______________ vascular system and therefore work in __________________.
systemic and pulmonary; in parallel
heart valves
-provide a controlled pathway from the right atrium to the right ventricular, from the left
atrium to left ventricular
-facilitate one way flow of blood, prevent backward (retrograde) flow
type of heart valves
-Tricuspid (atrioventricular valve): right side
-Mitral (atrioventricular valve): left side
-Pulmonic semilunar valve- RV into pulmonary artery
-Aortic (atrioventricular valve): LV into aorta
cardiac muscle cells
, -arranged in layers and run circumferentially
-lack different fiber types (most are slow-oxidative skeletal)
-innervated by smooth muscle
-have absolute refractory period
-highly aerobic and REQUIRE continuous O2 supply
all myocytes contract ________________________ but do so in a graded fashion
simultaneously
**strength of contraction driven by intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
strength of contraction driven by ____________
-intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
-with stimulation, CA2+ moves from outside the cardiac muscles to the inferior, binds to
the sarcoplasmic reticulum which in turn causes Ca2+ release from the SR making
Ca2+ available to drive contraction
gap junctions/intercalated disks
medicate the cell to cell movements of the electrical impulses which cause contraction
to move from cardiac muscle to cell of another cardiac muscle
purkinje fibers
modified cardiac muscle cells that function to facilitate the conduction of an action
potential through the myocardium myocyte
Electrocardiogram
ECG
P-wave
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
4 chambers
-2 atrium; 2 ventricles
-separated by a septum
-right and left sides of heart are independent
-right and left sides a connected via one way atrioventricular valves
while separate these two pumps are connected via the ____________and
_______________ vascular system and therefore work in __________________.
systemic and pulmonary; in parallel
heart valves
-provide a controlled pathway from the right atrium to the right ventricular, from the left
atrium to left ventricular
-facilitate one way flow of blood, prevent backward (retrograde) flow
type of heart valves
-Tricuspid (atrioventricular valve): right side
-Mitral (atrioventricular valve): left side
-Pulmonic semilunar valve- RV into pulmonary artery
-Aortic (atrioventricular valve): LV into aorta
cardiac muscle cells
, -arranged in layers and run circumferentially
-lack different fiber types (most are slow-oxidative skeletal)
-innervated by smooth muscle
-have absolute refractory period
-highly aerobic and REQUIRE continuous O2 supply
all myocytes contract ________________________ but do so in a graded fashion
simultaneously
**strength of contraction driven by intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
strength of contraction driven by ____________
-intracellular Ca2+ concentrations
-with stimulation, CA2+ moves from outside the cardiac muscles to the inferior, binds to
the sarcoplasmic reticulum which in turn causes Ca2+ release from the SR making
Ca2+ available to drive contraction
gap junctions/intercalated disks
medicate the cell to cell movements of the electrical impulses which cause contraction
to move from cardiac muscle to cell of another cardiac muscle
purkinje fibers
modified cardiac muscle cells that function to facilitate the conduction of an action
potential through the myocardium myocyte
Electrocardiogram
ECG
P-wave
