National 5 Biology - Unit 1 End of Unit Test

National 5 Biology - Unit 1 End of Unit Test What word is used to describe a plant cell when it is placed in a solution of lower water concentration. ️️Plasmolysed What do you call a plant cell that has been placed in a solution of higher water concentration? ️️Turgid What happens to an animal cell when it is placed in a solution of higher water concentration? ️️Burst - because they have no cell wall to maintain the structure. What kind of solution makes an animal cell shrink? ️️A lower water concentration. What kinds of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy? ️️Active transport. As well as energy, what else does active transport require? ️️Membrane proteins Visking tubing is often described as a model cell. Why? ️️It has a semi-permeable membrane When investigating osmosis in potato cylinders, what must you do to them before you re-weigh them? ️️blot them dry to remove excess water Describe the structure of DNA ️️Double-stranded helix held by complementary base pairs. What is DNA made from? ️️A sequence of bases - A, T, C, G What are the base pairing rules in DNA? ️️Adenine-Thymine, Guanine - Cytosine Name five parts of an animal cell? ️️Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria Name three structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells? ️️Chloroplast, Cell wall, Vacuole What type of cell(s) contain plasmids? ️️Bacteria Name the part of the cell that controls the activities of the cell? ️️Nucleus What important substances are made by ribosomes? ️️Proteins What controls the entry and exit of materials in a cell? ️️Cell membrane What is the function of the cytoplasm? ️️Site of chemical reactions What is the site of aerobic respiration (a chemical reaction which releases energy from food) in a cell? ️️Mitochondria Which types of cell(s) have a cell wall? ️️Plants, Fungal and Bacterial Where do you call the fluid-filled sac containing water, sugars and salts which is found in a plant or fungal cell? ️️Vacuole What chemical reaction takes place inside a chloroplast uisng energy from the sun? ️️Photosynthesis Name the pigment found in chloroplasts which trap light energy from the sun? ️️Chlorophyll What is a plant cell wall composed of? ️️Cellulose Are plant and bacterial cell walls made of cellulose? ️️No - only plant Name two type of cells other than animal and plant. ️️Fungal and bacterial cells Name two ways in which bacterial cells are different to the other three types. ️️Bacterial cells have no nucleus and no organelles except ribosomes. What do bacteria have instead of a nucleus? ️️A loop of DNA and circular plasmids. Which two substances make up the cell membrane? ️️Phospholipids and proteins What do you call the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration (down the concentration gradient). ️️Diffusion State two useful substances that cells gain by diffusion ️️Oxygen, glucose, amino acids State two waste substances that cells lose by diffusion ️️Carbon dioxide, urea What is meant by passive transport? ️️A type of transport that occurs down the concentration gradient and does not require energy. What words describe the property of cell membranes whereby they allow only some substances to cross. ️️semi-permeable / selectively permeable Why can starch not pass through the cell membrane by diffusion? ️️It is too large to fit through the cell membrane. Define osmosis ️️Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively p