Principles of Orientation and Mobility- kinesiology
Study Set Questions with Correct Answers
Kinesiology
study of human movement
kinesthesis
Sensations comprising the mass of feeling generated by movements of the body itself
Kinesics
the use of the body to communicate- gestures, posture, and facial expression
Kinetics
Study of bodies in motion as related to forces acting upon them
Bone
Compact- dense in structure
Cancellous- spongy latticed texture
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
Three types of joints
synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable)
Cartilage
nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints a) temporary b) permanent
Vertebrae
bones in the spine- cervical, thoracic, lumbar
spinal cord
an elongated mass of nerve tissue protected by the vertebrae
Ribs
3 types- floating, false, regular
haversian canals
network of canals through which blood vessels pass
Ossification
process of bone formation
bone marrow
soft material that fills the interior cavities of bones
yellow marrow
consists primarily of fatty tissue and few blood vessels. Found in long bones
red marrow
site of blood formation, found in short flat bones and at the ends of long bones
muscles
tissue for holding together and moving the bones
visceral muscle
smooth, walls of blood vessels and digestive tract
cardiac muscle
Muscle of the heart
striated muscle
quick to contract, voluntary, part of skeletal muscle
, skeletal muscle
attached to bones and causes body movement
point of insertion
The point or mode of attachment of a skeletal muscle to the bone or other body part that
it moves.
Levers
classified according to relative positions of the force (fulcrum/resistance)
1st class lever
fulcrum lies between the fulcrum and resistance
2nd class lever
resistance lies between applied forces and the fulcrum
3rd class lever
the force is applied between the fulcrum and resistance points
Agonist
prime muscle mover
Antagonist
the muscle eliciting tension or contraction to the agonist
Isotonic
contraction of muscle when a weight is lifted. Muscle becomes shorter and thicker
Isometric
contraction of muscle against a weight it cannot lift. Tension increased but the length of
the muscle remains unchanged
Tone
when a steady, partial contraction is maintained in a muscle
Excitation
stimulus bringing about a muscle contraction
muscle contraction
three steps following a stimulus: a) latent period between stimulus and contraction
b) period of contraction-interval when muscle contracts and does work
c) period of relaxation-time muscle takes to relax and return to original length
twitch
contraction of a muscle in response to a sngle stimulus (eye blinking)
Tetanus
the steady state of contraction when successive stimuli arrive in such rapid succession
that each occurs before the muscle can relax.
fatigue
a)refusal of muscle to respond to continuous stimulation because of oxygen deficiency,
and build up of carbon dioxide and other wastes. b) caused by deficient supply of
nutrients associated with various emotional states, brought on through boredome or
exhausting mental activity.
center of gravity
point at which all parts of the body balance each other exactly.
cardinal planes
the point at which the three cardinal planes of the body intersect each other. Intersect at
the center of gravity.
sagittal plane
Study Set Questions with Correct Answers
Kinesiology
study of human movement
kinesthesis
Sensations comprising the mass of feeling generated by movements of the body itself
Kinesics
the use of the body to communicate- gestures, posture, and facial expression
Kinetics
Study of bodies in motion as related to forces acting upon them
Bone
Compact- dense in structure
Cancellous- spongy latticed texture
joints
Areas where two or more bones join together
Three types of joints
synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable)
Cartilage
nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints a) temporary b) permanent
Vertebrae
bones in the spine- cervical, thoracic, lumbar
spinal cord
an elongated mass of nerve tissue protected by the vertebrae
Ribs
3 types- floating, false, regular
haversian canals
network of canals through which blood vessels pass
Ossification
process of bone formation
bone marrow
soft material that fills the interior cavities of bones
yellow marrow
consists primarily of fatty tissue and few blood vessels. Found in long bones
red marrow
site of blood formation, found in short flat bones and at the ends of long bones
muscles
tissue for holding together and moving the bones
visceral muscle
smooth, walls of blood vessels and digestive tract
cardiac muscle
Muscle of the heart
striated muscle
quick to contract, voluntary, part of skeletal muscle
, skeletal muscle
attached to bones and causes body movement
point of insertion
The point or mode of attachment of a skeletal muscle to the bone or other body part that
it moves.
Levers
classified according to relative positions of the force (fulcrum/resistance)
1st class lever
fulcrum lies between the fulcrum and resistance
2nd class lever
resistance lies between applied forces and the fulcrum
3rd class lever
the force is applied between the fulcrum and resistance points
Agonist
prime muscle mover
Antagonist
the muscle eliciting tension or contraction to the agonist
Isotonic
contraction of muscle when a weight is lifted. Muscle becomes shorter and thicker
Isometric
contraction of muscle against a weight it cannot lift. Tension increased but the length of
the muscle remains unchanged
Tone
when a steady, partial contraction is maintained in a muscle
Excitation
stimulus bringing about a muscle contraction
muscle contraction
three steps following a stimulus: a) latent period between stimulus and contraction
b) period of contraction-interval when muscle contracts and does work
c) period of relaxation-time muscle takes to relax and return to original length
twitch
contraction of a muscle in response to a sngle stimulus (eye blinking)
Tetanus
the steady state of contraction when successive stimuli arrive in such rapid succession
that each occurs before the muscle can relax.
fatigue
a)refusal of muscle to respond to continuous stimulation because of oxygen deficiency,
and build up of carbon dioxide and other wastes. b) caused by deficient supply of
nutrients associated with various emotional states, brought on through boredome or
exhausting mental activity.
center of gravity
point at which all parts of the body balance each other exactly.
cardinal planes
the point at which the three cardinal planes of the body intersect each other. Intersect at
the center of gravity.
sagittal plane
