OB NURS 306 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .Buy
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Genome
organism's complete set of DNA
Genotype
a person's genetic makeup
phenotype
how the genes are outwardly expressed (eye color, hair color, height)
dominant inheritance
D>R
Recessive inheritance
both are R.
organogenesis
is the first 8 weeks of gestation in which the developing human is most vulnerable to the
effects of teratogens. Formation of body organs, critical time
ovarian cycle
pertains to the maturation of ova and consists of follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and
luteal phase
follicular phase
1st day of menstruation. Lasts 12-14 days.
ovulatory phase
estrogen peaks and ends with release oocyte
luteal phase
after ovulation and lasts around 14 days
endometrial cycle
pertains to the changes in the endometrium of the uterus in responses to the hormonal
changes that occur during the ovarian cycle. 3 phases: proliferative, secretory, and
menstrual
proliferative phase
following menstruation and ends with ovulation
secretory phase
after ovulation with onset of menstruation
menstrual phase
occurs d/t hormone changes and results in sloughing off of the endometrial tissue
fertilization / conception
sperm nucleus enters nucleus of oocyte. Zygote: fertilized oocyte (diploid chromosomes
46)
cell division
cleavage
morula
blastocyst
multiple gestation
cleavage
, single cell zygote undergoes mitotic cell division
morula
3 days after fertilization, 16 cell solid sphere
blastocyst
inner cell mass (embryo blast-->embryo) and the trophoblast --> placenta
multiple gestation
more than one embryo (twins / triplets)
implantation
embedding of blastocyst into endometrium of uterus around day 5 or 6
embryonic stage
time of implantation through 8 weeks of gestation
primary germ layers
develops around day 14
heart formation
during 3rd week gestation, beats and circulates blood in 4th week gestation
end of 8th week gestation
clearly defined human that is 3 cm in length with all organ systems formed
fetus
from week 9 to birth. Organ systems grow and mature
fetal circulation
oxygenated blood enters fetal circulatory system from placenta via umbilical VEIN
ductus venosus
connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava --> right atrium
foramen ovale
opening between R & L atria, oxygenated blood shunted to L atrium. Opening will close
after birth in response to increased blood returning to left atrium (may take up to 3
months for full closure PFO
ductus arteriosus
pulmonary artery to descending aorta, oxygenated blood shunted to aorta and small
amount to lungs. After delivery, constricts in response to higher blood O2 levels and
prostaglandins (PDA)
placenta
formed from fetal and maternal tissue. chorionic villi, decidua basalis, cotyledons
chorionic villi
projections from the chorion that embed into the decidua basalis and later form the fetal
blood vessels of the placenta
hegar's sign
softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Chadwick's sign
deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa
Goodell's sign
softening of cervical tip
Ballottment
rebound of unengaged fetus
braxton hicks contractions
false contractions; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking
Quality Materials!
Genome
organism's complete set of DNA
Genotype
a person's genetic makeup
phenotype
how the genes are outwardly expressed (eye color, hair color, height)
dominant inheritance
D>R
Recessive inheritance
both are R.
organogenesis
is the first 8 weeks of gestation in which the developing human is most vulnerable to the
effects of teratogens. Formation of body organs, critical time
ovarian cycle
pertains to the maturation of ova and consists of follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and
luteal phase
follicular phase
1st day of menstruation. Lasts 12-14 days.
ovulatory phase
estrogen peaks and ends with release oocyte
luteal phase
after ovulation and lasts around 14 days
endometrial cycle
pertains to the changes in the endometrium of the uterus in responses to the hormonal
changes that occur during the ovarian cycle. 3 phases: proliferative, secretory, and
menstrual
proliferative phase
following menstruation and ends with ovulation
secretory phase
after ovulation with onset of menstruation
menstrual phase
occurs d/t hormone changes and results in sloughing off of the endometrial tissue
fertilization / conception
sperm nucleus enters nucleus of oocyte. Zygote: fertilized oocyte (diploid chromosomes
46)
cell division
cleavage
morula
blastocyst
multiple gestation
cleavage
, single cell zygote undergoes mitotic cell division
morula
3 days after fertilization, 16 cell solid sphere
blastocyst
inner cell mass (embryo blast-->embryo) and the trophoblast --> placenta
multiple gestation
more than one embryo (twins / triplets)
implantation
embedding of blastocyst into endometrium of uterus around day 5 or 6
embryonic stage
time of implantation through 8 weeks of gestation
primary germ layers
develops around day 14
heart formation
during 3rd week gestation, beats and circulates blood in 4th week gestation
end of 8th week gestation
clearly defined human that is 3 cm in length with all organ systems formed
fetus
from week 9 to birth. Organ systems grow and mature
fetal circulation
oxygenated blood enters fetal circulatory system from placenta via umbilical VEIN
ductus venosus
connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava --> right atrium
foramen ovale
opening between R & L atria, oxygenated blood shunted to L atrium. Opening will close
after birth in response to increased blood returning to left atrium (may take up to 3
months for full closure PFO
ductus arteriosus
pulmonary artery to descending aorta, oxygenated blood shunted to aorta and small
amount to lungs. After delivery, constricts in response to higher blood O2 levels and
prostaglandins (PDA)
placenta
formed from fetal and maternal tissue. chorionic villi, decidua basalis, cotyledons
chorionic villi
projections from the chorion that embed into the decidua basalis and later form the fetal
blood vessels of the placenta
hegar's sign
softening and compressibility of lower uterus
Chadwick's sign
deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa
Goodell's sign
softening of cervical tip
Ballottment
rebound of unengaged fetus
braxton hicks contractions
false contractions; painless, irregular, and usually relieved by walking
