NURSING ASSESSMENT TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ventricular distole
ventricles are relaxed, fill with blood, pressure is down
ventricular systole
increased pressure, ventricular contraction, blood leaves ventricle goes to atria
cardiac output
amount of blood ejected per minute (HR major regulator) Stroke volume x HR
artery
away from heart
venous
towards heart
Mitral valve
bicuspid--between left atria to vent
Aortic valve
valve from LV to aorta (to body) O2 blood
pulmonary Semilunar Valve
From RV to pulmonary artery (to lungs),
tricuspid valve
from right atria to right vent
PMI
point of maximum impulse
PMI location
pulse felt at the apex (ventricle contraction)
Often in the fifth intercostal space of the thorax, just medial to the left midclavicular line.
Aneurysm
abnormal dilation of blood vessel, weakest part of the wall
varicose vein
irregular, tortuous veins with incompetent valves, lower extremities
Bruit
audible, low pitched sounds, created by turbulent flow (arteries outside of heart)
Murmur
Abnormal swishing sound (turbulent flow) caused by improper/incomplete closure of the
heart valves, most likely found in the mitral/bicuspid.
Capillary Refill
How fast pink comes back into nail beds. Shows how well blood is perfusing tissue
Edema
Increased hydrostatic pressure -- Takes fluid from capillaries into tissue (right side
failure)
Lymph node
lymph flows through node before going into blood stream, Part of immune system
Deep vein thrombosis
, DVT- Thrombus formation that obstructs venous flow (anywhere)
thrombosis
the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through
the circulatory system
embolus
A sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot or some other obstruction which
has been transported through blood vessels and lodged at a site to small for passage
thromboembolism
Blockage (embolism) made of vascular tissue (vs embolism which can be anything)
Homan's sign
check for DVT, manifest by a pain in the calf with sudden dorsifelxion
Intermittent claudification
cramping or pain in leg muscles brought on by activity/ disappers 1-2 min after exercise
stopped
Ankle brachial index
BP taken at brachial and at ankle and then compared. Greater than one is wanted. To
test for peripheral artery disease.
Inspect for cardiac
edema, pallor, erythema, bleeding, dyspena
S1-S4 sound
S1 and S2 are normal, S3 and S4 could be a problem
S3- lub dub dub (sometimes normal in children)
S4 lub lub dub
venous hum
sounds over a vein
common places for pain r/t heart
chest, back, neck, jaw, arms, hands
What sort of treatments do nurses do that interact directly with CV system?
intravenous lines
Medications
Sequential compression devices
Oxygen
how is BP calculated
Cardiac output x peripheral resistance
BP values
Normal 119 or lower 79 or lower
Prehypertensive 120-139 80-90
Stage 1 hypertension 140-159 90-99
Stage 2 hypertension 160 or higher 100 or higher
apnea
Absence of breathing
dyspnea
Difficult breathing
orthopnea
Abnormal respiratory symptom in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or
comfortably
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ventricular distole
ventricles are relaxed, fill with blood, pressure is down
ventricular systole
increased pressure, ventricular contraction, blood leaves ventricle goes to atria
cardiac output
amount of blood ejected per minute (HR major regulator) Stroke volume x HR
artery
away from heart
venous
towards heart
Mitral valve
bicuspid--between left atria to vent
Aortic valve
valve from LV to aorta (to body) O2 blood
pulmonary Semilunar Valve
From RV to pulmonary artery (to lungs),
tricuspid valve
from right atria to right vent
PMI
point of maximum impulse
PMI location
pulse felt at the apex (ventricle contraction)
Often in the fifth intercostal space of the thorax, just medial to the left midclavicular line.
Aneurysm
abnormal dilation of blood vessel, weakest part of the wall
varicose vein
irregular, tortuous veins with incompetent valves, lower extremities
Bruit
audible, low pitched sounds, created by turbulent flow (arteries outside of heart)
Murmur
Abnormal swishing sound (turbulent flow) caused by improper/incomplete closure of the
heart valves, most likely found in the mitral/bicuspid.
Capillary Refill
How fast pink comes back into nail beds. Shows how well blood is perfusing tissue
Edema
Increased hydrostatic pressure -- Takes fluid from capillaries into tissue (right side
failure)
Lymph node
lymph flows through node before going into blood stream, Part of immune system
Deep vein thrombosis
, DVT- Thrombus formation that obstructs venous flow (anywhere)
thrombosis
the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through
the circulatory system
embolus
A sudden blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot or some other obstruction which
has been transported through blood vessels and lodged at a site to small for passage
thromboembolism
Blockage (embolism) made of vascular tissue (vs embolism which can be anything)
Homan's sign
check for DVT, manifest by a pain in the calf with sudden dorsifelxion
Intermittent claudification
cramping or pain in leg muscles brought on by activity/ disappers 1-2 min after exercise
stopped
Ankle brachial index
BP taken at brachial and at ankle and then compared. Greater than one is wanted. To
test for peripheral artery disease.
Inspect for cardiac
edema, pallor, erythema, bleeding, dyspena
S1-S4 sound
S1 and S2 are normal, S3 and S4 could be a problem
S3- lub dub dub (sometimes normal in children)
S4 lub lub dub
venous hum
sounds over a vein
common places for pain r/t heart
chest, back, neck, jaw, arms, hands
What sort of treatments do nurses do that interact directly with CV system?
intravenous lines
Medications
Sequential compression devices
Oxygen
how is BP calculated
Cardiac output x peripheral resistance
BP values
Normal 119 or lower 79 or lower
Prehypertensive 120-139 80-90
Stage 1 hypertension 140-159 90-99
Stage 2 hypertension 160 or higher 100 or higher
apnea
Absence of breathing
dyspnea
Difficult breathing
orthopnea
Abnormal respiratory symptom in which a person must sit or stand to breathe deeply or
comfortably
