BRS RENAL PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
How much is plasma of TBW?
1/12 TBW
how much is interstitial of TBW?
1/4 TBW
What is the equation for volume of distribution?
Amount/concentration, Amount is amount injected-amt excreted
Infusion of isotonic NaCl affects ECF and ICF how?
ECF volume increase, no change in osmolarity (no water shift)
Diarrhea - loss of isotonic fluid affects ECF and ICF how?
Decrease ECF volume
Excessive salt intake causes what?
Hyperosmotic volume expansion. osmolarity of ECF increases so water shifts from ICF
to ECF, so ICF osmolarity increases. ECF volume increases and ICF volume decreases
Sweating causes what?
Hyperostomic volume contraction.
SIADH causes what?
Hyposmotic volume expansion. Osmolarity of ECF decreases, ECF volume increases.
Water shift in so ICF osmolarity decreases but ICF volume increases.
, Why don't hematocrit change when there's hyperosmotic or hyposmotic volume
changes?
Hematocrit unchanged because water shift into RBCs
Adrenal cortical insufficiency causes what?
Loss of NaCl, hypostmotic volume contraction
Renal clearance equation
C=UV/P, (mg/ml)(ml/min)/(mg/ml)
What vasoconstricts renal arteries to decrease renal blood flow?
SANS, angio II
What vasodilates renal arteries to increase RBF?
PGE2, I2, bradykinin, NO, DA
ACE inhibitors dilate what renal artery? How does it affect GFR?
Dilates efferent artery and decreases GFR
What are two autoregulation mechanisms of kidneys? What pressure range does
autoregulation function in?
1. Myogenic mechanism
2. Tubuloglomerular feedback
80-200mmHg
Myogenic mechanism is what?
arterioles contract in response to stretch
Tubuloglomerular feeback is due to what?
Macula densa sensed increased load and cause constriction of afferent arteriole.
What can be measured to predict renal plasma flow?
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
How much is plasma of TBW?
1/12 TBW
how much is interstitial of TBW?
1/4 TBW
What is the equation for volume of distribution?
Amount/concentration, Amount is amount injected-amt excreted
Infusion of isotonic NaCl affects ECF and ICF how?
ECF volume increase, no change in osmolarity (no water shift)
Diarrhea - loss of isotonic fluid affects ECF and ICF how?
Decrease ECF volume
Excessive salt intake causes what?
Hyperosmotic volume expansion. osmolarity of ECF increases so water shifts from ICF
to ECF, so ICF osmolarity increases. ECF volume increases and ICF volume decreases
Sweating causes what?
Hyperostomic volume contraction.
SIADH causes what?
Hyposmotic volume expansion. Osmolarity of ECF decreases, ECF volume increases.
Water shift in so ICF osmolarity decreases but ICF volume increases.
, Why don't hematocrit change when there's hyperosmotic or hyposmotic volume
changes?
Hematocrit unchanged because water shift into RBCs
Adrenal cortical insufficiency causes what?
Loss of NaCl, hypostmotic volume contraction
Renal clearance equation
C=UV/P, (mg/ml)(ml/min)/(mg/ml)
What vasoconstricts renal arteries to decrease renal blood flow?
SANS, angio II
What vasodilates renal arteries to increase RBF?
PGE2, I2, bradykinin, NO, DA
ACE inhibitors dilate what renal artery? How does it affect GFR?
Dilates efferent artery and decreases GFR
What are two autoregulation mechanisms of kidneys? What pressure range does
autoregulation function in?
1. Myogenic mechanism
2. Tubuloglomerular feedback
80-200mmHg
Myogenic mechanism is what?
arterioles contract in response to stretch
Tubuloglomerular feeback is due to what?
Macula densa sensed increased load and cause constriction of afferent arteriole.
What can be measured to predict renal plasma flow?
