MLT 106 TEST 2; BASIC GENETICS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS [
GRADED A+]
Cellular Genetics - ✔✔pertains to the cellular organization of genetic
materials, i.e., chromatin materials
Molecular Genetics - ✔✔based on the biochemistry of genes and the
structures that support genes, i.e., DNA, and various proteins that are
part of the chromosomal architecture
Gene - ✔✔Section of DNA along chromosome
- italicized when describing a genetic inheritance pattern ( A, B, and O
gene)
,Alleles - ✔✔One of two or more different genes that may occupy a
specific locus on a chromosome. "An alternate form of gene"
Locus - ✔✔Specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Amorph - ✔✔A silent gene; a gene that does not appear to produce a
detectable antigen, such as Jk, Lu, O
Genotype - ✔✔Sequence of DNA that is inherited; an individual's actual
genetic makeup
Phenotype - ✔✔Produced by the genotype, including an enzyme to
control a blood group antigen; and then length of long bones of the
skeleton
- *the physical or observable expression of a genotype*
; they are not italicized when describing an inheritance pattern
Dominant Gene - ✔✔a trait or characteristic that will be expressed in
the offspring even though it is only carried on one of the homologous
chromosomes
,Recessive Gene - ✔✔a type of gene that, in the presence of its
dominant allele, *does not express itself*
Co-dominant Gene - ✔✔a pair of genes in which neither is dominant
over the other; that is they are both expressed
Homozygous - ✔✔presence of two identical alleles on both
chromosomes
- EX: AA or BB
Heterozygous - ✔✔Inheritance of different allele from each parent at a
particular locus
- EX: AO or AB
Autosomal - ✔✔Traits not carried on the sex chromosome
Autosomal dominant - ✔✔Traits physically expressed by all members of
the family that carry the allele
Prokaryotic - ✔✔Without a defined nucleus
, Eukaryotic - ✔✔With a define nucleus (human beings and all other
mammals
Histones - ✔✔Long polymers of DNA and basic proteins that
*comprises the chromatin to keep chromosome shape.*
- highly basic protein of which DNA is coiled around
Population Genetics Overview: - ✔✔- Major areas concerning blood
banking include Mendel's laws of inheritance, the Hardy-Weinberg
principle, and inheritance patterns
- Gregor Mendel was an *Austrian monk and mathematician* who used
sweet pea plants growing in a monastery garden to study physical traits
in organisms and how they are inherited
- he determined the physical traits to be due to factors he called
*elementen within the cell*
- In modern genetics, we know the physical basis of these so-called
elementen is genes within the nucleus of the cell
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS [
GRADED A+]
Cellular Genetics - ✔✔pertains to the cellular organization of genetic
materials, i.e., chromatin materials
Molecular Genetics - ✔✔based on the biochemistry of genes and the
structures that support genes, i.e., DNA, and various proteins that are
part of the chromosomal architecture
Gene - ✔✔Section of DNA along chromosome
- italicized when describing a genetic inheritance pattern ( A, B, and O
gene)
,Alleles - ✔✔One of two or more different genes that may occupy a
specific locus on a chromosome. "An alternate form of gene"
Locus - ✔✔Specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Amorph - ✔✔A silent gene; a gene that does not appear to produce a
detectable antigen, such as Jk, Lu, O
Genotype - ✔✔Sequence of DNA that is inherited; an individual's actual
genetic makeup
Phenotype - ✔✔Produced by the genotype, including an enzyme to
control a blood group antigen; and then length of long bones of the
skeleton
- *the physical or observable expression of a genotype*
; they are not italicized when describing an inheritance pattern
Dominant Gene - ✔✔a trait or characteristic that will be expressed in
the offspring even though it is only carried on one of the homologous
chromosomes
,Recessive Gene - ✔✔a type of gene that, in the presence of its
dominant allele, *does not express itself*
Co-dominant Gene - ✔✔a pair of genes in which neither is dominant
over the other; that is they are both expressed
Homozygous - ✔✔presence of two identical alleles on both
chromosomes
- EX: AA or BB
Heterozygous - ✔✔Inheritance of different allele from each parent at a
particular locus
- EX: AO or AB
Autosomal - ✔✔Traits not carried on the sex chromosome
Autosomal dominant - ✔✔Traits physically expressed by all members of
the family that carry the allele
Prokaryotic - ✔✔Without a defined nucleus
, Eukaryotic - ✔✔With a define nucleus (human beings and all other
mammals
Histones - ✔✔Long polymers of DNA and basic proteins that
*comprises the chromatin to keep chromosome shape.*
- highly basic protein of which DNA is coiled around
Population Genetics Overview: - ✔✔- Major areas concerning blood
banking include Mendel's laws of inheritance, the Hardy-Weinberg
principle, and inheritance patterns
- Gregor Mendel was an *Austrian monk and mathematician* who used
sweet pea plants growing in a monastery garden to study physical traits
in organisms and how they are inherited
- he determined the physical traits to be due to factors he called
*elementen within the cell*
- In modern genetics, we know the physical basis of these so-called
elementen is genes within the nucleus of the cell
