CAPA CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials!
acidemia
lower than normal blood pH; increased hydrogen ions
Acidosis
pH < 7.35; process that leads to an increase of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood
adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
apnea
absence of breathing
alkalemia
blood pH > 7.45; decreased hydrogen ion concentration
Alkalosis
process that leads to decreased hydrogen ions concentration
Apneustic breathing
Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration interrupted by occasional
expiration
atelectasis
collapse of alveoli
bradypnea
Slow breathing (less than 8/min)
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
bronchospasm
constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle
central sleep apnea
sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent
from the brain that regulate breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea;
associated with brain damage, heart or kidney failure, or drug overdose
compliance (lung)
a measure of distensibility of the lungs; the amount of change in volume per change in
pressure across the lung.
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate
oxygenation of the blood; more than 5g of hemogloblin/ deciliter of arterial blood is
deoxygenated.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
epistaxis
, nosebleed; usually in the Kiesselbach plexus or the Little's area; can occur in PACU d/t
trauma to the nasal veins from nasotracheal tubes or to nasal airways during
anesthesia.
Treating epistaxis
prompt action to prevent aspiration; position patient head up and flexed forward toward
the chest; cold compresses to the bridge of the nose and neck. If bleeding is profuse,
then suction oral cavity and notify attending. Packing or cautery with silver nitrate or
electric current may be necessary.
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide (Paco2) in the bloodstream , typically caused by inadequate
respiration.
hyperoxemia
increased oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hyperventilation
overventilation of the alveoli in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the
body.
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (Paco2)in the blood
hypoventilation
deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia
hypoxemia
deficient oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Kussmaul respirations
very deep, labored breathing (usually associated with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)
Methemoglobin
Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is oxidized into Fe+3, causing a
left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes brown colored.
minute ventilation
total volume of air exhaled each minute
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
Oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to oxygen
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort
partial pressure
the pressure of each gas in a mixture
periodic breathing
a regular waxing and waning of ventilation as a result of fluctuations in the central
respiratory drive
Polycythemia
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in
the blood
Rales
LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials!
acidemia
lower than normal blood pH; increased hydrogen ions
Acidosis
pH < 7.35; process that leads to an increase of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood
adventitious breath sounds
Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.
apnea
absence of breathing
alkalemia
blood pH > 7.45; decreased hydrogen ion concentration
Alkalosis
process that leads to decreased hydrogen ions concentration
Apneustic breathing
Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged inspiration interrupted by occasional
expiration
atelectasis
collapse of alveoli
bradypnea
Slow breathing (less than 8/min)
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
bronchospasm
constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle
central sleep apnea
sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent
from the brain that regulate breathing
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
a pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea or apnea, followed by hyperpnea;
associated with brain damage, heart or kidney failure, or drug overdose
compliance (lung)
a measure of distensibility of the lungs; the amount of change in volume per change in
pressure across the lung.
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate
oxygenation of the blood; more than 5g of hemogloblin/ deciliter of arterial blood is
deoxygenated.
Dyspnea
shortness of breath
epistaxis
, nosebleed; usually in the Kiesselbach plexus or the Little's area; can occur in PACU d/t
trauma to the nasal veins from nasotracheal tubes or to nasal airways during
anesthesia.
Treating epistaxis
prompt action to prevent aspiration; position patient head up and flexed forward toward
the chest; cold compresses to the bridge of the nose and neck. If bleeding is profuse,
then suction oral cavity and notify attending. Packing or cautery with silver nitrate or
electric current may be necessary.
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide (Paco2) in the bloodstream , typically caused by inadequate
respiration.
hyperoxemia
increased oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hyperventilation
overventilation of the alveoli in relation to the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the
body.
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (Paco2)in the blood
hypoventilation
deficient movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypercapnia
hypoxemia
deficient oxygen (Pao2) in the blood
Hypoxia
deficient amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Kussmaul respirations
very deep, labored breathing (usually associated with diabetic acidosis and renal failure)
Methemoglobin
Hemoglobin disorder in which the iron molecule of hgb is oxidized into Fe+3, causing a
left shift in the Oxygen-Hemoglobin curve. Blood becomes brown colored.
minute ventilation
total volume of air exhaled each minute
orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
Oxyhemoglobin
hemoglobin bound to oxygen
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to be upright to achieve comfort
partial pressure
the pressure of each gas in a mixture
periodic breathing
a regular waxing and waning of ventilation as a result of fluctuations in the central
respiratory drive
Polycythemia
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in
the blood
Rales
