CAPA CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials!
pediatric otolaryngology patients considerations
•Preprocedure> fear of separation, pain, injury, & death. establish trust reassure, child
fears 'loss of control'> allow child to
choose scent for induction anxiety>prepare child +parents, support parent-present
induction if allowed
•intaprocedure>airway * ^ risk of laryngospasm & vomiting if induced with crying
maintain body temp > kids lose heat faster than adults
tympanoplasty
-used to improve hearing
-hearing deficit may be present preop. allow pt. to wear hearing aids to DR. hearing may
be worse p/o due to packing/dressing > warm pt.
-monitor facial nerve
-Phase I-HOB ^30° to minimize Eustachian tube edema>clarify with surgeon. position
with operative ear upward to avoid pressure. treat nausea/vomiting & vertigo. avoid
excess motion. transfer slowly
-Phase II-teaching>no wet ears, slow moving, sneeze, with mouth open, popping ears is
normal
Septoplasty
D/C instructions
-change mustache dressing PRN. maintain count + frequency of saturated
-use humidifier except nausealtarry stools
-avoid nose blowing;stiff secretions to throat & swallow or spit out
-avoid bending, straining or lifting
-sneeze with mouth open
-avoid straws or nasal packing used
1) C1-C4 injury
2) C5 injury
1-quadriplegia-complete loss of
motor, sensory functions from neck down-including respiratory
2-quadriplegia-loss of all functions decreased upper shoulder level. phrenic nerve intact,
but not intercostal muscles
1) C6 injury
2) C7 injury
3) C8 injury
1) quadriplegia-loss of function decreased shoulders & upper arms. no use of intercostal
muscles
2) incomplete quad loss of motor control to parts of arm & hand. loss of sensation
decreased clavicle & parts of arm/hand. 0 intercostals
3) incomplete quad 0 motor to parts of hand/arm. 0 sensation deceased chest/part of
hand. 0 intercostal
, 1) T1-T6 injury
2) T6-T12 injury
3)L1-L4 injury
1. paraplegia. 0 motor function decreased mid chest, including trunk muscles. 0
sensation from mid chest decreased, including lower limbs, phrenic nerve functions
independently some use of intercostal
2) paraplegia. 0 motor control/sensation decreased waist. 0 interference on respirations
3) paraplegia. loss of motor most of legs/pelvic area. 0 sensation to lower abd/legs
1) L3-L4 injury
2) L4-Sz injury
1) incomplete para. 0 control/function or part of lower legs/ankles/feet
2. incomplete paraplegia varying degrees of loss can walk with braces. may use
wheelchair & can be pretty independent
autonomic hyperretlecia
-paraxysmal ^BP, headache, vasodilation, flushing, sweating, goosebumps ^ with SCI
-also spasticity of muscles & orthostatic hypotension possible
myasthenca gravis
-chronic, progressive, causes voluntary weakness
-improvement with rest/anticholinesterasemeds
-myasthenia crisis can be from exacerbation or too much anticholinesterase meds >
real. difficulty wracking in muscles including muscles in throat
-meds & pyndostigmin, heostigmin can be reversed by many anesthesia meds
-watch for real. distress aspiration, difficulty talking/swallowing auscultate lungs, SPO2
-^risk of infection
autism
-do not insist on eye contact. provide language tools-get info from caregiver about
likes/dislikes, skills & abilities
-determine it from vitamins/what food has been cut from diet
infancy
-oral stage (freud)
-trust vs. mistrust (erickson)
-sensorimotor period (piagets)
-birth-12 months
toddler
-1-3 years
-preoperational thought (piagets)
-anal stage control of body function (freuds)
-autonomy vs shane & doubt. sense of control over body (erickson)
preschool
-3-6 years
-preoperational thought (piagets)
-pricallic/oedipal/electra stage focus of gentians. superego (conscience) feelings of guilt
(freuds)
-initiative vs guilt can do attitude. goal + competitive. imaginative gender role (erickson)
school age
LATEST UPDATE.Buy Quality Materials!
pediatric otolaryngology patients considerations
•Preprocedure> fear of separation, pain, injury, & death. establish trust reassure, child
fears 'loss of control'> allow child to
choose scent for induction anxiety>prepare child +parents, support parent-present
induction if allowed
•intaprocedure>airway * ^ risk of laryngospasm & vomiting if induced with crying
maintain body temp > kids lose heat faster than adults
tympanoplasty
-used to improve hearing
-hearing deficit may be present preop. allow pt. to wear hearing aids to DR. hearing may
be worse p/o due to packing/dressing > warm pt.
-monitor facial nerve
-Phase I-HOB ^30° to minimize Eustachian tube edema>clarify with surgeon. position
with operative ear upward to avoid pressure. treat nausea/vomiting & vertigo. avoid
excess motion. transfer slowly
-Phase II-teaching>no wet ears, slow moving, sneeze, with mouth open, popping ears is
normal
Septoplasty
D/C instructions
-change mustache dressing PRN. maintain count + frequency of saturated
-use humidifier except nausealtarry stools
-avoid nose blowing;stiff secretions to throat & swallow or spit out
-avoid bending, straining or lifting
-sneeze with mouth open
-avoid straws or nasal packing used
1) C1-C4 injury
2) C5 injury
1-quadriplegia-complete loss of
motor, sensory functions from neck down-including respiratory
2-quadriplegia-loss of all functions decreased upper shoulder level. phrenic nerve intact,
but not intercostal muscles
1) C6 injury
2) C7 injury
3) C8 injury
1) quadriplegia-loss of function decreased shoulders & upper arms. no use of intercostal
muscles
2) incomplete quad loss of motor control to parts of arm & hand. loss of sensation
decreased clavicle & parts of arm/hand. 0 intercostals
3) incomplete quad 0 motor to parts of hand/arm. 0 sensation deceased chest/part of
hand. 0 intercostal
, 1) T1-T6 injury
2) T6-T12 injury
3)L1-L4 injury
1. paraplegia. 0 motor function decreased mid chest, including trunk muscles. 0
sensation from mid chest decreased, including lower limbs, phrenic nerve functions
independently some use of intercostal
2) paraplegia. 0 motor control/sensation decreased waist. 0 interference on respirations
3) paraplegia. loss of motor most of legs/pelvic area. 0 sensation to lower abd/legs
1) L3-L4 injury
2) L4-Sz injury
1) incomplete para. 0 control/function or part of lower legs/ankles/feet
2. incomplete paraplegia varying degrees of loss can walk with braces. may use
wheelchair & can be pretty independent
autonomic hyperretlecia
-paraxysmal ^BP, headache, vasodilation, flushing, sweating, goosebumps ^ with SCI
-also spasticity of muscles & orthostatic hypotension possible
myasthenca gravis
-chronic, progressive, causes voluntary weakness
-improvement with rest/anticholinesterasemeds
-myasthenia crisis can be from exacerbation or too much anticholinesterase meds >
real. difficulty wracking in muscles including muscles in throat
-meds & pyndostigmin, heostigmin can be reversed by many anesthesia meds
-watch for real. distress aspiration, difficulty talking/swallowing auscultate lungs, SPO2
-^risk of infection
autism
-do not insist on eye contact. provide language tools-get info from caregiver about
likes/dislikes, skills & abilities
-determine it from vitamins/what food has been cut from diet
infancy
-oral stage (freud)
-trust vs. mistrust (erickson)
-sensorimotor period (piagets)
-birth-12 months
toddler
-1-3 years
-preoperational thought (piagets)
-anal stage control of body function (freuds)
-autonomy vs shane & doubt. sense of control over body (erickson)
preschool
-3-6 years
-preoperational thought (piagets)
-pricallic/oedipal/electra stage focus of gentians. superego (conscience) feelings of guilt
(freuds)
-initiative vs guilt can do attitude. goal + competitive. imaginative gender role (erickson)
school age
