HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY EXIT EXAM 2024
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A | STUDI TO PASS!!!
The nurse is caring for a client who is taking glyburide as treatment for type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The physician has added a corticosteroid to this client's medication regimen for
treatment of a severe allergic reaction. The nurse knows that this drug combination may
cause what adverse effect on this client? - ANSWERS -Corticosteroids increase insulin
needs so the client may develop hyperglycemia.
A nurse at a health care facility is assigned to administer insulin to the patient. Which
intervention should the nurse perform before administering each insulin dose? -
ANSWERS -The nurse should check the previous injection site before administering
each insulin dose. The injection sites should be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy.
American Diabetes Association recommended HbA1c goal? - ANSWERS -Less than
7%
Glycosylated hemoglobin measures average blood glucose over what time period? -
ANSWERS -Glycosylated hemoglobin measures glucose control over the past 2 or 3
months.
Adverse effect of levothyroxine - ANSWERS -Adverse effects of levothyroxine include
irritability, fever, weight loss, insomnia, and intolerance to heat.
What is the process of when the body needs thyroid hormone? - ANSWERS -When
thyroid hormone is needed in the body, the stored thyroid hormone molecule is
absorbed into the thyroid cells, where the T3 and T4 are broken off and released into
circulation. These hormones are carried on plasma proteins, which can be measured as
protein-bound iodine levels.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why the client cannot just
take a pill. The nurse would incorporate what knowledge when responding to this client?
- ANSWERS -Insulin is needed in type 1 diabetes because the beta cells of the
pancreas are no longer functioning. With type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced, but
perhaps not enough to maintain glucose control or the insulin receptors are not
sensitive enough to insulin.
What would have the most dramatic effect on hypoglycemia? - ANSWERS -Physical
exercise, such as jogging, changes insulin requirements and may result in a delayed
hypoglycemic reaction
, When administering insulin, what would be most appropriate? - ANSWERS -The vial
should be gently rotated and vigorous shaking is to be avoided to ensure uniform
suspension of the insulin. Typically the area is pinched to allow access to the loose
connective tissue layer. The needle is inserted at a 45-degree angle for subcutaneous
administration. Gentle pressure should be applied at the injection site.
A patient is receiving acarbose. What would the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan
for this patient about the action of the drug? - ANSWERS -Acarbose inhibits alpha
glucosidase, an enzyme, thereby delaying the absorption of glucose.
Which of the following insulin is always clear? - ANSWERS -Regular insulin (Humulin
R) is clear
A student asks the nursing instructor what insulin has the quickest therapeutic effect
once administered. - ANSWERS -Regular insulin has the quickest onset of 30-60
minute
Lispro Onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -15 minutes , 1-3 hrs, 3-5 hrs
regular insulin onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -30-60 minutes, 2-4hrs, 8-12 hrs
NPH insulin onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -1-1.5 hours, 4-12 hrs, 24hrs
Examples of Sulfonureas - ANSWERS -glipzide, glyburide, glimperide
Meglatides - ANSWERS -nateglinide and repaglinide
Biguanides - ANSWERS -metoformin
alpha glucosidase inhibittors - ANSWERS -Acarbose, Miglitol
Thiazolidneiones - ANSWERS -Pioglatazone, rosiglitazone
The nurse is caring for an 84-year-old diabetic patient who is receiving hydrocortisone
40 mg daily, PO, for treatment of an arthritic flareup. When writing a plan of care for this
patient, which nursing intervention would be most appropriate? - ANSWERS -Caution
should be used in patients with diabetes because the glucose-elevating effects disrupt
glucose control.
The nursing instructor is discussing short-term versus long-term corticoid steroid
therapy with the nursing students. What would be the most appropriate teaching for a
patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy? - ANSWERS -Taper doses when
discontinuing from high doses or from long-term therapy to give the adrenal glands a
chance to recover and produce adrenocorticoids.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A | STUDI TO PASS!!!
The nurse is caring for a client who is taking glyburide as treatment for type 2 diabetes
mellitus. The physician has added a corticosteroid to this client's medication regimen for
treatment of a severe allergic reaction. The nurse knows that this drug combination may
cause what adverse effect on this client? - ANSWERS -Corticosteroids increase insulin
needs so the client may develop hyperglycemia.
A nurse at a health care facility is assigned to administer insulin to the patient. Which
intervention should the nurse perform before administering each insulin dose? -
ANSWERS -The nurse should check the previous injection site before administering
each insulin dose. The injection sites should be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy.
American Diabetes Association recommended HbA1c goal? - ANSWERS -Less than
7%
Glycosylated hemoglobin measures average blood glucose over what time period? -
ANSWERS -Glycosylated hemoglobin measures glucose control over the past 2 or 3
months.
Adverse effect of levothyroxine - ANSWERS -Adverse effects of levothyroxine include
irritability, fever, weight loss, insomnia, and intolerance to heat.
What is the process of when the body needs thyroid hormone? - ANSWERS -When
thyroid hormone is needed in the body, the stored thyroid hormone molecule is
absorbed into the thyroid cells, where the T3 and T4 are broken off and released into
circulation. These hormones are carried on plasma proteins, which can be measured as
protein-bound iodine levels.
A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes asks the nurse why the client cannot just
take a pill. The nurse would incorporate what knowledge when responding to this client?
- ANSWERS -Insulin is needed in type 1 diabetes because the beta cells of the
pancreas are no longer functioning. With type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced, but
perhaps not enough to maintain glucose control or the insulin receptors are not
sensitive enough to insulin.
What would have the most dramatic effect on hypoglycemia? - ANSWERS -Physical
exercise, such as jogging, changes insulin requirements and may result in a delayed
hypoglycemic reaction
, When administering insulin, what would be most appropriate? - ANSWERS -The vial
should be gently rotated and vigorous shaking is to be avoided to ensure uniform
suspension of the insulin. Typically the area is pinched to allow access to the loose
connective tissue layer. The needle is inserted at a 45-degree angle for subcutaneous
administration. Gentle pressure should be applied at the injection site.
A patient is receiving acarbose. What would the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan
for this patient about the action of the drug? - ANSWERS -Acarbose inhibits alpha
glucosidase, an enzyme, thereby delaying the absorption of glucose.
Which of the following insulin is always clear? - ANSWERS -Regular insulin (Humulin
R) is clear
A student asks the nursing instructor what insulin has the quickest therapeutic effect
once administered. - ANSWERS -Regular insulin has the quickest onset of 30-60
minute
Lispro Onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -15 minutes , 1-3 hrs, 3-5 hrs
regular insulin onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -30-60 minutes, 2-4hrs, 8-12 hrs
NPH insulin onset, peak, duration - ANSWERS -1-1.5 hours, 4-12 hrs, 24hrs
Examples of Sulfonureas - ANSWERS -glipzide, glyburide, glimperide
Meglatides - ANSWERS -nateglinide and repaglinide
Biguanides - ANSWERS -metoformin
alpha glucosidase inhibittors - ANSWERS -Acarbose, Miglitol
Thiazolidneiones - ANSWERS -Pioglatazone, rosiglitazone
The nurse is caring for an 84-year-old diabetic patient who is receiving hydrocortisone
40 mg daily, PO, for treatment of an arthritic flareup. When writing a plan of care for this
patient, which nursing intervention would be most appropriate? - ANSWERS -Caution
should be used in patients with diabetes because the glucose-elevating effects disrupt
glucose control.
The nursing instructor is discussing short-term versus long-term corticoid steroid
therapy with the nursing students. What would be the most appropriate teaching for a
patient on long-term corticosteroid therapy? - ANSWERS -Taper doses when
discontinuing from high doses or from long-term therapy to give the adrenal glands a
chance to recover and produce adrenocorticoids.
