HESI NCLEX/RN Review Questions &
Answers Latest Updated | GRADED.
,1. The nurse is taking the family history of a 2-year-old child with atopic
dermatitis (eczema). Which statement by the mother is most important in
formulating a plan of care for this child?
A."Our first child was born with a cleft lip."
B."We are very careful not to get sunburns in our family."
C."My first child sometimes got a diaper rash."
D."My husband and our daughter are both lactose-intolerant.": D - Environ-
mental exposure to allergens (milk) and a positive family history for milk allergies a
important data in planning care of the child with atopic dermatitis (D) because milk
allergies can contribute to the child's outbreaks. (A) is not a contributing factor. (B)
an environmental factor in other skin diseases but does not have a strong correlatio
with eczema in children. (C) is not unusual and occurs in the diaper area, whereas
atopic dermatitis occurs most often on the face and extensor aspects of the arms
and legs.
2. The nurse admits a child to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of
acquired aplastic anemia. What is the most common cause of this type of
anemia?
A.Bacterial infections
B.A diet deficient in iron
C.Heart-lung congenital defects
D.Exposure to certain drugs: D - Aplastic anemia often follows exposure to
certain drugs (D) such as chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and phenylbutazone
(Butazolidin), insecticides such as DDT, and chemicals, especially, benzene. (A an
C) are not related to the development of anemia. (B) is related to iron deficiency
anemia.
3. The nurse is preparing a health teaching program for parents of toddlers
and preschoolers and plans to include information about the prevention of
accidental poisonings. It is most important for the nurse to include which
instruction?
A.Tell children that they should not taste anything but food.
B.Store all toxic agents and medicines in locked cabinets.
C.Provide special play areas in the house and restrict play in other areas.
D.Punish children if they open cabinets that contain household chemicals.: B
- The only reliable way to prevent poisonings in young children is to make the items
inaccessible (B). Teaching children not to taste anything but food is important (A) b
ineffective for young children. (C and D) will not control a child's curiosity.
4. The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the mother of a child who has
been diagnosed with celiac disease. Choosing which lunch will be within the
therapeutic management of a child with celiac disease?
, A.Turkey salad, milk, and oatmeal cookies
B.Baked chicken, coleslaw, soda, and frozen fruit dessert
C.Tuna salad sandwich on whole wheat bread, milk, and ice cream
D.Turkey sandwich on rye bread, orange juice, and fresh fruit: B - A child with
celiac disease is managed on a gluten-free diet (B), which eliminates food products
containing oats (A), wheat (C), rye (D), or barley.
5. A newborn female whose mother is HIV-positive is scheduled for the first
follow-up assessment with the nurse. If the child is HIV-positive, which initial
symptom is she most likely to exhibit?
A.Shortness of breath
B.Joint pain
C.Persistent cold
D.Organomegaly: C - Respiratory tract infections commonly occur in the pediatric
population, but the child with AIDS has a decreased ability to defend the body
against these common infections. Thus, the most typical presenting symptom of a
child who contracted AIDS through vertical transmission (i.e., from the mother durin
delivery) is a persistent cold or respiratory infection (C). (A, B, and D) are symptom
of AIDS complications that may occur later as the disease progresses.
6. A father of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse to report that his son, who has
had an upper respiratory infection, is complaining of a headache, and his
temperature has increased to 103° F, taken rectally. Which intervention has
the highest priority?
A.Determine if the child has any allergies to antibiotics.
B.Instruct the parent to give the child tepid baths.
C.Instruct the parent to increase the child's fluid intake.
D.Tell the parent to take the child to the emergency department.: D - The
child is exhibiting symptoms that may indicate possible meningitis, and the parents
should be encouraged to get immediate evaluation (D). (A, B, and C) are all valuab
interventions after the client is assessed and diagnosed.
7. The nurse is preparing a child with an intussusception for a prescribed
barium enema. What is the main purpose of conducting this procedure prior
to surgical intervention?
A.Evacuate the bowel of impacted feces.
B.Reduce the invaginated bowel segment.
C.Locate the presence of diverticula.
D.Identify the area of esophageal atresia.: B - Intussusception, an invagination o
telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, causes intestinal obstruction
in children (usually occurs between 3 months and 5 years of age). Nonsurgical
treatment is attempted with hydrostatic pressure created by barium instillation, whic
Answers Latest Updated | GRADED.
,1. The nurse is taking the family history of a 2-year-old child with atopic
dermatitis (eczema). Which statement by the mother is most important in
formulating a plan of care for this child?
A."Our first child was born with a cleft lip."
B."We are very careful not to get sunburns in our family."
C."My first child sometimes got a diaper rash."
D."My husband and our daughter are both lactose-intolerant.": D - Environ-
mental exposure to allergens (milk) and a positive family history for milk allergies a
important data in planning care of the child with atopic dermatitis (D) because milk
allergies can contribute to the child's outbreaks. (A) is not a contributing factor. (B)
an environmental factor in other skin diseases but does not have a strong correlatio
with eczema in children. (C) is not unusual and occurs in the diaper area, whereas
atopic dermatitis occurs most often on the face and extensor aspects of the arms
and legs.
2. The nurse admits a child to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of
acquired aplastic anemia. What is the most common cause of this type of
anemia?
A.Bacterial infections
B.A diet deficient in iron
C.Heart-lung congenital defects
D.Exposure to certain drugs: D - Aplastic anemia often follows exposure to
certain drugs (D) such as chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and phenylbutazone
(Butazolidin), insecticides such as DDT, and chemicals, especially, benzene. (A an
C) are not related to the development of anemia. (B) is related to iron deficiency
anemia.
3. The nurse is preparing a health teaching program for parents of toddlers
and preschoolers and plans to include information about the prevention of
accidental poisonings. It is most important for the nurse to include which
instruction?
A.Tell children that they should not taste anything but food.
B.Store all toxic agents and medicines in locked cabinets.
C.Provide special play areas in the house and restrict play in other areas.
D.Punish children if they open cabinets that contain household chemicals.: B
- The only reliable way to prevent poisonings in young children is to make the items
inaccessible (B). Teaching children not to taste anything but food is important (A) b
ineffective for young children. (C and D) will not control a child's curiosity.
4. The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for the mother of a child who has
been diagnosed with celiac disease. Choosing which lunch will be within the
therapeutic management of a child with celiac disease?
, A.Turkey salad, milk, and oatmeal cookies
B.Baked chicken, coleslaw, soda, and frozen fruit dessert
C.Tuna salad sandwich on whole wheat bread, milk, and ice cream
D.Turkey sandwich on rye bread, orange juice, and fresh fruit: B - A child with
celiac disease is managed on a gluten-free diet (B), which eliminates food products
containing oats (A), wheat (C), rye (D), or barley.
5. A newborn female whose mother is HIV-positive is scheduled for the first
follow-up assessment with the nurse. If the child is HIV-positive, which initial
symptom is she most likely to exhibit?
A.Shortness of breath
B.Joint pain
C.Persistent cold
D.Organomegaly: C - Respiratory tract infections commonly occur in the pediatric
population, but the child with AIDS has a decreased ability to defend the body
against these common infections. Thus, the most typical presenting symptom of a
child who contracted AIDS through vertical transmission (i.e., from the mother durin
delivery) is a persistent cold or respiratory infection (C). (A, B, and D) are symptom
of AIDS complications that may occur later as the disease progresses.
6. A father of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse to report that his son, who has
had an upper respiratory infection, is complaining of a headache, and his
temperature has increased to 103° F, taken rectally. Which intervention has
the highest priority?
A.Determine if the child has any allergies to antibiotics.
B.Instruct the parent to give the child tepid baths.
C.Instruct the parent to increase the child's fluid intake.
D.Tell the parent to take the child to the emergency department.: D - The
child is exhibiting symptoms that may indicate possible meningitis, and the parents
should be encouraged to get immediate evaluation (D). (A, B, and C) are all valuab
interventions after the client is assessed and diagnosed.
7. The nurse is preparing a child with an intussusception for a prescribed
barium enema. What is the main purpose of conducting this procedure prior
to surgical intervention?
A.Evacuate the bowel of impacted feces.
B.Reduce the invaginated bowel segment.
C.Locate the presence of diverticula.
D.Identify the area of esophageal atresia.: B - Intussusception, an invagination o
telescoping of one portion of the intestine into another, causes intestinal obstruction
in children (usually occurs between 3 months and 5 years of age). Nonsurgical
treatment is attempted with hydrostatic pressure created by barium instillation, whic
