Endocrine Glands(B) Questions and Answers 2024

Endocrine Glands(B) Questions and Answers 2024

 there are 4 types of cell surface receptors ** Answ** 1- G protein coupled receptor
 2- Growth factor receptor
 3- Cytokine receptor
 4- Guanylyl cyclase receptor
 The first type of cell surface receptor is ** Answ** G protein coupled receptor



 What specific hormones bind to G protein coupled receptor? ** Answ** -TSH
 -ACTH
 -glucagon
 -Parathyroid hormone
 -catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline)
 -prostaglandins



 The second type of cell surface receptor is ** Answ** growth factor receptor



 Growth factor receptor is the name of the receptor for ** Answ** insulin



 What binds to growth factor receptor ** Answ** insulin



 Insulin binds to ** Answ** growth factor receptor



 The third type of cell surface receptor is ** Answ** Cytokine receptor



 Cytokine receptor is for ** Answ** growth hormone



 Growth hormone binds to ** Answ** Cytokine receptor



 What binds to cytokine receptor? ** Answ** Growth hormone

, The fourth type of cell surface receptor is ** Answ** Guanylyl cyclase receptor



 Guanylyl cyclase receptor is for ** Answ** Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or Nitric oxide



 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binds to ** Answ** Guanylyl cyclase receptor



 ANP ** Answ** atrial natriuretic peptide



 We learned about Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in ** Answ** cardiovascular system



 nitric oxide also binds to ** Answ** Guanylyl cyclase receptor



 ANP or nitric oxide are the hormones which ** Answ** act as a vasodilator for dilation of
blood vessels



 For example, nitric oxide is important for ** Answ** erection, which has a direct effect on
genital organ area, which causes dilation of blood vessels and erection



 ANP also acts as a ** Answ** vasodilator or vasorelaxator (which decreases the blood
pressure)



 MAKE SURE TO KNOW ABOUT THE NAMES OF THE HORMONES WHICH BIND TO A SPECIFIC
RECEPTOR ** Answ**



 The center for endocrine system is ** Answ** hypothalamus



 The hypothalamus controls the endocrine system, but ** Answ** it has other functions as
well

,  hypothalamus also contains ** Answ** temperature center, appetite center, emotional
sexual behavior center (which is connected to limbic system), it controls partially and indirectly
the sympathetic and parasympathetic, and of course endocrine system



 The hypothalamic nuclei secrete 2 hormones: ** Answ** -releasing hormones and
 -inhibit releasing hormones



 These 2 types of hormones (releasing hormones and inhibit releasing hormones) control **
Answ** the hypophyseal gland (aka pituitary gland)



 In reality the pituitary gland has 3 lobes: ** Answ** Anterior lobe, posterior lobe, and
intermediate lobe



 Intermediate lobe is located ** Answ** between anterior lobe and posterior lobe



 The anterior lobe is connected to the hypothalamus by ** Answ** blood vessels



 Hypothalamic pituitary portal system ** Answ** connects the hypothalamus and anterior
lobe



 The anterior lobe is connected to the hypothalamus by blood vessels, we call it ** Answ**
Hypothalamic pituitary portal system



 **Connection between hypothalamus and anterior lobe of pituitary gland is by** ** Answ**
a blood vessel, which is called hypothalamic pituitary portal system



 Connection between posterior lobe and hypothalamus is by ** Answ** axons



 **DONT FORGET! What connects the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the
hypothalamus?** ** Answ** AXONS!



 The hormones from anterior pituitary ** Answ** (FLAT PEG)