Exam 1: Clements (SIHD)
with complete verified
solutions
Cardiac output equation
CO = HR * SV
How is SV determined
by preload, afterload, and contractility
Preload
pressure filling <3 up
If you ^ preload, ?
^ CO, ^ SV
Afterload
The force/resistance <3 has to overcome to pump out
If afterload is increased, ?
CO will decrease, SV decrease
Determinants of CO
Afterload, preload, contractility, HR
Define contractility
Force generated for a given sarcomere/fiber length
Frank Starling Mechanism
<3 responds to increased preload w/ increased CO and ejection
What does SIHD stand for
Stable ischemic heart disease
What is IHD caused by
Oxygen demand exceeding oxygen supply
, What is IHD commonly caused by
atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD)
- plaque buildup in arteries of <3
What is acute coronary syndromes (acute ischemia and MI) caused
by
rupture of a plaque or clot
Symptoms of CAD/SIHD
Angina, SOB, indigestion
What is angina
Chest pain/pressure that can radiate to arm, neck, back
Describe the three types of angina
Stable: Relieved w/ rest and/or tx w/ nitroglycerin
Unstable: Not resolved w/ rest; indicative of atherosclerosis
Variant: Vasospasm
Coronary Artery Disease ?
narrowing of coronary arteries bc plaque formation
How are plaques formed in CAD
endothelial injury, lipid deposits & inflammation, occlusion or plaque
rupture
Risk factors for CAD/ISHD
45+, FH, smoking, high BP, high cholesterol/ldl, diabetes, diet
The majority of blood flow takes places during ?
Diastole
How is O2 supply dictated
coronary flow
What should enhance coronary flow and O2 supply?
Vasodilation
2 multiple choice options
What is the equation for coronary flow?
with complete verified
solutions
Cardiac output equation
CO = HR * SV
How is SV determined
by preload, afterload, and contractility
Preload
pressure filling <3 up
If you ^ preload, ?
^ CO, ^ SV
Afterload
The force/resistance <3 has to overcome to pump out
If afterload is increased, ?
CO will decrease, SV decrease
Determinants of CO
Afterload, preload, contractility, HR
Define contractility
Force generated for a given sarcomere/fiber length
Frank Starling Mechanism
<3 responds to increased preload w/ increased CO and ejection
What does SIHD stand for
Stable ischemic heart disease
What is IHD caused by
Oxygen demand exceeding oxygen supply
, What is IHD commonly caused by
atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD)
- plaque buildup in arteries of <3
What is acute coronary syndromes (acute ischemia and MI) caused
by
rupture of a plaque or clot
Symptoms of CAD/SIHD
Angina, SOB, indigestion
What is angina
Chest pain/pressure that can radiate to arm, neck, back
Describe the three types of angina
Stable: Relieved w/ rest and/or tx w/ nitroglycerin
Unstable: Not resolved w/ rest; indicative of atherosclerosis
Variant: Vasospasm
Coronary Artery Disease ?
narrowing of coronary arteries bc plaque formation
How are plaques formed in CAD
endothelial injury, lipid deposits & inflammation, occlusion or plaque
rupture
Risk factors for CAD/ISHD
45+, FH, smoking, high BP, high cholesterol/ldl, diabetes, diet
The majority of blood flow takes places during ?
Diastole
How is O2 supply dictated
coronary flow
What should enhance coronary flow and O2 supply?
Vasodilation
2 multiple choice options
What is the equation for coronary flow?
