WGU D311 Microbiology 2024 study for
OA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - -The rhizosphere is where plants
release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
-Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - -
Glaciers
-What is the role of nematodes in soil? - -They photosynthesize and fix
nitrogen.
-Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors? - -Fungi
-Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - -The relationship
between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
-Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E.
coli) that inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K
produced by E. coli? - -Mutualism
-Which description of resident microbiota is true? - -Resident microbiota
constantly live on the human body.
-Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human
host? - -Mutualism
-Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - -Zoonotic
diseases
-Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - -Nosocomial
diseases
-Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - -Respiratory
-Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - -Noninfectious
-Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through
small particles expelled by a cough? - -Droplet transmission
-Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother
to child during breastfeeding? - -Vertical direct contact transmission
,-Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral
pathogen inside of its body? - -Biological vector transmission
-Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - -Indirect
contact transmission
-Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - -A healthcare
professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
-How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - -
Contaminated food or water
-Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - -Birds
-Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - -Rabies
-How can adhesins be described? - -Adhesins found on the surface of
pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
-Which description indicates a portal of entry? - -Body features through which
pathogens can enter host tissue
-Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the
lysosome (phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion?
- -It prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
-Which action refers to a secondary infection? - -An infection by one
pathogen enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
-What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - -Signs are
measurable; symptoms are subjective.
-Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - -Asking
patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
-During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - -The
period of illness stage
-What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - -
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
-How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - -It provides a
harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, -How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune
response? - -It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence
of pathogens to form the membrane attack complex (MAC).
-Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune
function? - -AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to
pathogens.
-Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes? - -Macrophages and dendritic cells
-What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - -Incidence
-What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - -Prevalence
refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
-Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given
time? - -Pandemic
-Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - -Etiologic agents
are the pathogens that cause disease.
-Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention in order to prevent future pandemics? - -Notifiable diseases
-How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the
latest data on typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report (MMWR)? - -Through mandatory reporting of notifiable
disease cases by healthcare providers
-What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - -
The responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
-What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future
pandemics? - -The WHO maintains a global alert and response system from
data from multiple countries.
-A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection
developed severe diarrhea two days after completing the five-day course of
treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - -
Cephalexin disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
-Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was
accidentally irradiated, thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
OA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a characteristic of rhizospheres? - -The rhizosphere is where plants
release organic compounds that can be metabolized by microbes into soil.
-Which environment would contain microbes that are psychrophilic? - -
Glaciers
-What is the role of nematodes in soil? - -They photosynthesize and fix
nitrogen.
-Which eukaryote is responsible for producing antibiotics to ward off bacterial
competitors? - -Fungi
-Which symbiotic relationship is an example of mutualism? - -The relationship
between humans and the Escherichia coli colonizing the human gut
-Which type of symbiotic relationship exists between the Escherichia coli (E.
coli) that inhabit the human gut and the humans who utilize the vitamin K
produced by E. coli? - -Mutualism
-Which description of resident microbiota is true? - -Resident microbiota
constantly live on the human body.
-Which relationship is exhibited by intestinal Escherichia coli and their human
host? - -Mutualism
-Which type of disease is transmitted from animals to humans? - -Zoonotic
diseases
-Which type of disease is acquired in hospital settings? - -Nosocomial
diseases
-Which portal of exit can expel the most viral particles? - -Respiratory
-Which type of disease is sickle cell anemia? - -Noninfectious
-Which type of transmission occurs when tuberculosis is spread through
small particles expelled by a cough? - -Droplet transmission
-Which type of transmission occurs when pathogens are spread from mother
to child during breastfeeding? - -Vertical direct contact transmission
,-Which type of transmission occurs when an arthropod carries a viral
pathogen inside of its body? - -Biological vector transmission
-Which type of transmission occurs through contact with a fomite? - -Indirect
contact transmission
-Which infected host would be considered a passive carrier? - -A healthcare
professional who does not wash their hands after seeing an infected patient
-How is Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, transmitted? - -
Contaminated food or water
-Which organism is the definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii? - -Birds
-Which disease is transmitted by animals but not arthropods? - -Rabies
-How can adhesins be described? - -Adhesins found on the surface of
pathogens bind to receptors of host cells.
-Which description indicates a portal of entry? - -Body features through which
pathogens can enter host tissue
-Pathogens produce proteins to prevent the fusion of the phagosome and the
lysosome (phagolysosome).Why does this virulence factor facilitate invasion?
- -It prevents the exposure of pathogens to lethal digestive enzymes.
-Which action refers to a secondary infection? - -An infection by one
pathogen enables another pathogen to cause an infection.
-What differentiates signs from symptoms of disease? - -Signs are
measurable; symptoms are subjective.
-Which procedure does a clinician use to measure a symptom? - -Asking
patients to rate pain on a numerical scale
-During which stage of an infection does a patient feel the worst? - -The
period of illness stage
-What defines the end of the incubation period for an infectious disease? - -
The appearance of nonspecific signs or symptoms of disease
-How does the epidermis help prevent infection and disease? - -It provides a
harsh environment for most pathogens and periodically sheds
, -How does the complement system contribute to the innate immune
response? - -It is composed of proteins that can be activated by the presence
of pathogens to form the membrane attack complex (MAC).
-Why are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) considered an innate immune
function? - -AMPs are produced both routinely and as a response to
pathogens.
-Which terms refer to monocytes when they differentiate into tissue-specific
phagocytes? - -Macrophages and dendritic cells
-What is specifically being reported if the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reports 10,000 new cases of COVID-19? - -Incidence
-What is the difference between prevalence and incidence? - -Prevalence
refers to the total number of infections; incidence refers only to new cases.
-Which term refers to a disease that occurs on a worldwide scale at a given
time? - -Pandemic
-Why are etiologic agents significant to epidemiologists? - -Etiologic agents
are the pathogens that cause disease.
-Which kind of diseases must be reported to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention in order to prevent future pandemics? - -Notifiable diseases
-How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) obtain the
latest data on typical illnesses to publish in the Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report (MMWR)? - -Through mandatory reporting of notifiable
disease cases by healthcare providers
-What can cause an infectious disease to become a reemerging disease? - -
The responsible pathogen becomes drug resistant.
-What does the World Health Organization (WHO) do to prevent future
pandemics? - -The WHO maintains a global alert and response system from
data from multiple countries.
-A patient taking the antibiotic cephalexin for a urinary tract infection
developed severe diarrhea two days after completing the five-day course of
treatment.
What is an explanation for the development of this patient's diarrhea? - -
Cephalexin disrupted the normal intestinal microbiome.
-Store-bought, packaged soil used to promote rapid plant growth was
accidentally irradiated, thus killing the bacteria that had been in the soil.
