MCB 450 Exam 1 Biochem LOs exam
questions with complete solutions 2024
Know jthe jfour jtypes jof jbiological jmolecules j& jtheir jgeneral jroles jin jcells j-
jANS✓✓-Proteins j
- jlinear jpolymers jof jL-Amino jAcids jthat jare jjoined jby jpeptide jbonds j(O=C-NH)
(condensation jreaction). j
- jPeptidyltransferase
-Transcription jfactors, jhormones, jgrowth jfactors, jactin, jmyosin, jtubulin,
jcollagen, jkeratin, jelastin, jfibroin, jtransport
Nucleic jAcids j(DNA j& jRNA)
- jinformation jmolecules jin jthe jcell
- jphophate jgroup j+ jsugar j+ jorganic jbase
- jphosphodiester jbonds, j5' j--> j3', jcatalyzed jby jDNA jor jRNA jpolymerase,
jcondensation. j
- jcentral jdogma. jDNA j--> jRNA j--> jprotein
Carbohydrates j(Poly- j& joligosaccharides)
- jlinear jor jbranched jpolymers jof jmonosaccharides j
- jaldehyde j--> jaldoses
- jketo j--> jketoses
- jglycosydic jbonds j(glycogen/ jstarch jsynthase) j
- jfuel jsource, jstructural j(cellulose), jsignaling jmolecules j(cell-cell jrec),
jlubricants j(mucus)
Lipids j(fatty jacids)
- jwater-insoluble jmolcs jhighly jsoluble jin jorganic jsolvents. jCarboxyl jgroup jend
jwith jhydrocarbon jtail. j
- jFree jfatty jacids jfor jfuel, jTriacylglycerols j(storage jform jof jfatty jacids),
jmembrane jlipids, jsteroids
- jsaturated, jpack jtightly
- junsaturated, jLess jH jone jmore jdouble jbond. jKink. jLoose jpack.
,- jTriacylglycerols j- jcondensation jreactions, jester jlinkages. jCarboxyl jgroups j-->
jhydroxyl jgroups jin jglycerol. jAcyltransferase j
-FUNCTIONS
- jmembrane
- jlong jterm jenergy jstorage
- jprotect jheat jloss j(insulatio)
- jprotect jphysical jshock
- jprotect jwater jloss
- jchemical jmessengers j(hormones)
Know jthe jproperties jof jthe jfour jtypes jof jcovalent jbonds. jHow jare jthey jformed?
jWhat jis jcondensation jreaction? j- jANS✓✓-Condensation jreaction jeliminates
jwater jand jforms jbond.
Covalent jbonds j- jelectrons jare jshared jby jthe jparticipating jatoms
Proteins j
-joined jby jpeptide jbonds j(O=C-NH)(condensation jreaction). j
- jPeptidyltransferase
Nucleic jAcids j(DNA j& jRNA)
- jphosphodiester jbonds j
- j5' j--> j3', jjoining jphosphate jgroup jat jposition j5 jin jpentose jsugar jof jone
jnucletoide jto jthe jhydroxyl jgroup jat j3' jin jnext jnuc. j
- jcatalyzed jby jDNA jor jRNA jpolymerase, jcondensation. j
Carbohydrates j(Poly- j& joligosaccharides)
- jglycosydic jbonds
- j(glycogen/ jstarch jsynthase) j
Lipids j(fatty jacids)
- jTriglycerides j
- jcondensation jreactions, jester jlinkages. j
- jester jbonds
- jCarboxyl jgroups j--> jhydroxyl jgroups jin jglycerol. j
- jAcyltransferase
,Know jthe jproperties jof jwater. j- jANS✓✓-Chemical jbasis jof jwater's jability jto
jDissolve jbiomolecules: jPolarity jof jwater jand jability jto jform jH-bonds. jPolarity
jof jwater jand jits jability jto jform jh-bonds jrenders jit ja jsolvent jfor jany jcharged jor
jpolar jmolecule.
Dipolar j- juneven jdist. jof je- jb/t jH jand jO. jResults jin jdipoles
Forms jhydrogen jbonds jwith jeach jother jand jother jpolar jmolecules. jActs jas ja
jsolvent
Cohesive. jCohesion j(together) jand jadhesion j(on jother jthings)
What jare jpolar, jnon-polar, jand jamphipathic jmolecules? j- jANS✓✓-Polar
- jdissolves jeasily jin jwater
- jalcohols, jaldehydes, jketones, jcompounds jw jN-H jbonds
- jglucose, jglycerol
Non-polar
- jlike jlipids jor jsome jside jchains jof jamino jacids jare jHydrophobic. j
- jwax
Amphipathic
- jhave jpolar jor jcharged jregions jas jwell jas jnon-polar jregions
- jphenylalanine
What jare jthe jfour jtypes jof jweak, jnon-covalent jinteractions jand jtheir jfunctions?
j- jANS✓✓-Readily jreversible, jallows jrepeated jinteractions, jessential jin jflow jof
jenergy jand jinformation
Hydrogen jbonds
- jform jbetween jan jelectronegative jatom jand jhydrogen
- jtwo jmost jcommon je.neg jincludes jOxygen jand jNitrogen
- jhydrogen jbonds jbt jtwo jmolecules jwill jbe jdisrupted jby jwayer
-- jhydration jshells jof jwater jmolcs jsurround jNa+ jand jCl- jions
Ionic jbonds j/ jelectrostatic jinteractions
, - jA jweak jinteractoin jbetween jions jhaving jopposite jcharges. jAlso jcalled jionic
jbond jof jsalt jbridge. jNaCl
van jder jWaals jinteractions j(London jdispersion)
- jshort-range jattractive jinteractions
- jbetween jmolcs jthat jare jneither jpolar jnor jcharged
- jtransient jasymmetry jin jelectrical jcharge jthat jinduces ja jcomplementary
jasymmetry jin ja jnearby jmolecule j
- jvery jweak
Hydrophobic jbonds
- jaggregation jof jnon-polar jmolecules jresults jin jan jincrease jin jrandomness jof
jwater jmolecules j(aka jentropy jup)
- jhydrophobic jeffect j- jthe jprocess jin jwhich jnonpolar jmolcs jin jaqueous
jsolutions jare jdriven jtogether jbecause jof jthe jresulting jincrease jin jentropy jof
jwater jmolecules.
- jmembrane jformation jvia jhydrophobic jeffect
- jprotein jfolding jvia jhydrophobic jeffect j
entropy j- ja jmeasure jof jthe jdegree jof jrandomness jor jdisorder jin ja jsystem
What jis jit jmeant jby jBrownian j(thermal) jmotion? j- jANS✓✓-Water jand jgas jmolcs
jbounce jrandomly jat ja jrate jdetermined jONLY jBY jTHE jtemperature j= jthermal
jmotions, jdue jto jrandom jfluctuation jof jenergy jcontent jof jenvironment
A jmathematical jmodel jfor jthe jmotion jof jsmall jparticles jin ja jfluid j(liquid jor jgas)
jwhen jin ja jstate jof jthermal jequilibrium
Responsible jfor jinitiating jmany jbiochemical jinteractions
- jenzymes j--> jsubstrates
- jfuels jmodified jto jyield jenergy
- jsignal jmolecules jcan jdiffuse jfrom jorigin jto jsites jof jeffect j
Water jis jthe jlubricant jthat jfaciliates jthe jflow jof jenergy jand jinformation
jtransformations jthrough jBrownian jmotion
questions with complete solutions 2024
Know jthe jfour jtypes jof jbiological jmolecules j& jtheir jgeneral jroles jin jcells j-
jANS✓✓-Proteins j
- jlinear jpolymers jof jL-Amino jAcids jthat jare jjoined jby jpeptide jbonds j(O=C-NH)
(condensation jreaction). j
- jPeptidyltransferase
-Transcription jfactors, jhormones, jgrowth jfactors, jactin, jmyosin, jtubulin,
jcollagen, jkeratin, jelastin, jfibroin, jtransport
Nucleic jAcids j(DNA j& jRNA)
- jinformation jmolecules jin jthe jcell
- jphophate jgroup j+ jsugar j+ jorganic jbase
- jphosphodiester jbonds, j5' j--> j3', jcatalyzed jby jDNA jor jRNA jpolymerase,
jcondensation. j
- jcentral jdogma. jDNA j--> jRNA j--> jprotein
Carbohydrates j(Poly- j& joligosaccharides)
- jlinear jor jbranched jpolymers jof jmonosaccharides j
- jaldehyde j--> jaldoses
- jketo j--> jketoses
- jglycosydic jbonds j(glycogen/ jstarch jsynthase) j
- jfuel jsource, jstructural j(cellulose), jsignaling jmolecules j(cell-cell jrec),
jlubricants j(mucus)
Lipids j(fatty jacids)
- jwater-insoluble jmolcs jhighly jsoluble jin jorganic jsolvents. jCarboxyl jgroup jend
jwith jhydrocarbon jtail. j
- jFree jfatty jacids jfor jfuel, jTriacylglycerols j(storage jform jof jfatty jacids),
jmembrane jlipids, jsteroids
- jsaturated, jpack jtightly
- junsaturated, jLess jH jone jmore jdouble jbond. jKink. jLoose jpack.
,- jTriacylglycerols j- jcondensation jreactions, jester jlinkages. jCarboxyl jgroups j-->
jhydroxyl jgroups jin jglycerol. jAcyltransferase j
-FUNCTIONS
- jmembrane
- jlong jterm jenergy jstorage
- jprotect jheat jloss j(insulatio)
- jprotect jphysical jshock
- jprotect jwater jloss
- jchemical jmessengers j(hormones)
Know jthe jproperties jof jthe jfour jtypes jof jcovalent jbonds. jHow jare jthey jformed?
jWhat jis jcondensation jreaction? j- jANS✓✓-Condensation jreaction jeliminates
jwater jand jforms jbond.
Covalent jbonds j- jelectrons jare jshared jby jthe jparticipating jatoms
Proteins j
-joined jby jpeptide jbonds j(O=C-NH)(condensation jreaction). j
- jPeptidyltransferase
Nucleic jAcids j(DNA j& jRNA)
- jphosphodiester jbonds j
- j5' j--> j3', jjoining jphosphate jgroup jat jposition j5 jin jpentose jsugar jof jone
jnucletoide jto jthe jhydroxyl jgroup jat j3' jin jnext jnuc. j
- jcatalyzed jby jDNA jor jRNA jpolymerase, jcondensation. j
Carbohydrates j(Poly- j& joligosaccharides)
- jglycosydic jbonds
- j(glycogen/ jstarch jsynthase) j
Lipids j(fatty jacids)
- jTriglycerides j
- jcondensation jreactions, jester jlinkages. j
- jester jbonds
- jCarboxyl jgroups j--> jhydroxyl jgroups jin jglycerol. j
- jAcyltransferase
,Know jthe jproperties jof jwater. j- jANS✓✓-Chemical jbasis jof jwater's jability jto
jDissolve jbiomolecules: jPolarity jof jwater jand jability jto jform jH-bonds. jPolarity
jof jwater jand jits jability jto jform jh-bonds jrenders jit ja jsolvent jfor jany jcharged jor
jpolar jmolecule.
Dipolar j- juneven jdist. jof je- jb/t jH jand jO. jResults jin jdipoles
Forms jhydrogen jbonds jwith jeach jother jand jother jpolar jmolecules. jActs jas ja
jsolvent
Cohesive. jCohesion j(together) jand jadhesion j(on jother jthings)
What jare jpolar, jnon-polar, jand jamphipathic jmolecules? j- jANS✓✓-Polar
- jdissolves jeasily jin jwater
- jalcohols, jaldehydes, jketones, jcompounds jw jN-H jbonds
- jglucose, jglycerol
Non-polar
- jlike jlipids jor jsome jside jchains jof jamino jacids jare jHydrophobic. j
- jwax
Amphipathic
- jhave jpolar jor jcharged jregions jas jwell jas jnon-polar jregions
- jphenylalanine
What jare jthe jfour jtypes jof jweak, jnon-covalent jinteractions jand jtheir jfunctions?
j- jANS✓✓-Readily jreversible, jallows jrepeated jinteractions, jessential jin jflow jof
jenergy jand jinformation
Hydrogen jbonds
- jform jbetween jan jelectronegative jatom jand jhydrogen
- jtwo jmost jcommon je.neg jincludes jOxygen jand jNitrogen
- jhydrogen jbonds jbt jtwo jmolecules jwill jbe jdisrupted jby jwayer
-- jhydration jshells jof jwater jmolcs jsurround jNa+ jand jCl- jions
Ionic jbonds j/ jelectrostatic jinteractions
, - jA jweak jinteractoin jbetween jions jhaving jopposite jcharges. jAlso jcalled jionic
jbond jof jsalt jbridge. jNaCl
van jder jWaals jinteractions j(London jdispersion)
- jshort-range jattractive jinteractions
- jbetween jmolcs jthat jare jneither jpolar jnor jcharged
- jtransient jasymmetry jin jelectrical jcharge jthat jinduces ja jcomplementary
jasymmetry jin ja jnearby jmolecule j
- jvery jweak
Hydrophobic jbonds
- jaggregation jof jnon-polar jmolecules jresults jin jan jincrease jin jrandomness jof
jwater jmolecules j(aka jentropy jup)
- jhydrophobic jeffect j- jthe jprocess jin jwhich jnonpolar jmolcs jin jaqueous
jsolutions jare jdriven jtogether jbecause jof jthe jresulting jincrease jin jentropy jof
jwater jmolecules.
- jmembrane jformation jvia jhydrophobic jeffect
- jprotein jfolding jvia jhydrophobic jeffect j
entropy j- ja jmeasure jof jthe jdegree jof jrandomness jor jdisorder jin ja jsystem
What jis jit jmeant jby jBrownian j(thermal) jmotion? j- jANS✓✓-Water jand jgas jmolcs
jbounce jrandomly jat ja jrate jdetermined jONLY jBY jTHE jtemperature j= jthermal
jmotions, jdue jto jrandom jfluctuation jof jenergy jcontent jof jenvironment
A jmathematical jmodel jfor jthe jmotion jof jsmall jparticles jin ja jfluid j(liquid jor jgas)
jwhen jin ja jstate jof jthermal jequilibrium
Responsible jfor jinitiating jmany jbiochemical jinteractions
- jenzymes j--> jsubstrates
- jfuels jmodified jto jyield jenergy
- jsignal jmolecules jcan jdiffuse jfrom jorigin jto jsites jof jeffect j
Water jis jthe jlubricant jthat jfaciliates jthe jflow jof jenergy jand jinformation
jtransformations jthrough jBrownian jmotion
