NR 360 Week 7 Assignment Virtual Social Networks
NEW SEMESTER (SUMMER FALL SESSION) GRADED A+
Shell - ANSWER: Software that provides an interface for an operating system's users
to provide access to the Kernel's services. Can be invoked through the shell
command in the command-line interface (CLI). For some OS, the shell can be
considered a place where applications can run in protected memory space with
resources being shared among multiple shells
Kernel - ANSWER: Core component of the operating system. Uses interprocess
communication and system calls, where it acts like a bridge between applications
and the data processing performed at the hardware level. Handles disk
management, task management, and memory management. When OS is loaded into
memory, the kernel is loaded first, and it remains there until the OS is shut down
again
Shell Script - ANSWER: a small computer program that is designed to be run or
executed in sequence by the UNIX shell (CLI). Basically, it is a set of commands that
the shell in a UNIX-based OS follows - the commands in the shell can contain
parameters and sub-commands that tell the shell what to do. These are used for
repetitive tasks that are time-consuming.
Shell Variable - ANSWER: a variable that is only available to the current shell. A shell
is the operating system's command interpreter - it processes the commands entered
on the command line or read from a shell script file.
Bourne Shell - ANSWER: a UNIX shell (command processor) that is used for scripting.
Known for "sh" command and dollar symbol $ used in the command prompts. This
shell also executes commands and functions that are predefined or integrated, files
that follow a command path, and text file commands.
GNU - ANSWER: GNU's Not Unix. UNIX-compatible OS - collection of software
applications, libraries, and developer tools AND a program to allocate resources and
communicate with the hardware, or the kernel. Main components: GNU compiler
collection, GNU C library, GNU Emacs text editor, GNOME desktop environment.
DRS - ANSWER: Distributed Resource Scheduler - scheduling tool for virtualization.
Hypervisor software links various virtual machines, each of which resources from a
given pool. DRS helps to provide resources in real-time by active or passive
allocations of virtualization resources like virtual memory and CPU.
HA - ANSWER: High Availability - durable systems with continuous operation made
possible through failover processes, RAID memory, and the automation of functions
like rebooting VMs on stable hosts when failure occurs.
,Failover - ANSWER: constant capability to automatically and seamlessly switch to a
highly reliable back-up. Can be done redundantly or in a stand-by operational mode
upon the failure of a primary server, application, or other primary system
component. Fail over for a server uses a heartbeat cable connecting two servers -
when the pulse between the servers changes, the secondary server will be triggered
to take over the primary servers work and alert the data center.
CPU - ANSWER: Central Processing Unit - the unit that performs most of the
processing inside a computer - controls instructions and data flow to and from other
parts of the computer - relies heavily on a chip set, which is a group of microchips
located on the motherboard.
Control Unit (CPU) - ANSWER: Component of CPU that extracts instructions from
memory and decodes and executes them.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)(CPU) - ANSWER: Component of CPU that handles
arithmetic and logical operations.
RabbitMQ - ANSWER: Open-source message broker - helps globally share and
monitor messages in a multi-client environment and enable communication
between different connected systems.
JumpBox (Jump Server) - ANSWER: special purpose computer (server) on a network
used to manage devices in a separate security zone - device that spans two dissimilar
security zones and provides a controlled means of access between them.
DHCP - ANSWER: Dynamic host control protocol - network management protocol
used to dynamically assign IP addresses to new nodes entering the network.
Node - ANSWER: Point of intersection/connection within a network - major center
where internet traffic is typically routed.
Client - ANSWER: the receiving end of a service or the requester of a service in a
client-server model type of system. A client can be a simple application or a whole
system that accesses service being provided by a server.
Thin Client - ANSWER: a client application with minimum functions that uses the
resources provided by host computer - its job is to display the results processed by a
server, it relies on the server to do most or all of the processing.
Thick/Fat Client - ANSWER: a client application that can do most of its processing and
does not necessarily rely on a central server BUT may need to connect with one for
some information, uploading, or to update data or the program itself.
Hybrid Client - ANSWER: a client application that can do most of its processes on its
own but may rely on a server for critical data or for storage.
,VMK - ANSWER: Virtual Machine Kernel - virtualization infrastructure (hypervisor)
that enables, emulates and provides for the creation of VMs on operating systems -
supports multiple guest operating system images - allocates separate virtualized
computing resouces for each virtual machine (processing, storage, memory)
Processor - ANSWER: Logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic
instructions that drive a computer
Primary functions of a processor(4) - ANSWER: Fetch, decode, execute, write back
Basic elements of a processor (4) - ANSWER: Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), floating
point unit (FPU), registers, L1/L2 cache memory
Floating point unit (FPU) - ANSWER: math (numeric) co-processor - specialized co-
processor that manipulates number quicker than basic microprocessor circuitry can.
Registers - ANSWER: A processor register (CPU register) is one of a small set of data
holding places that are part of the computer processor.
A register may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a
bit sequence or individual characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of
the instruction. For example, an instruction may specify that the contents of two
defined registers be added together and then placed in a specified register
Cache memory - ANSWER: Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random
access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than
it can access regular RAM. This memory is typically integrated directly with the CPU
chip or placed on a separate chip that has a separate bus interconnect with the CPU.
The basic purpose of cache memory is to store program instructions that are
frequently re-referenced by software during operation. Fast access to these
instructions increases the overall speed of the software program.
Storage vs Memory - ANSWER: Storage is non-volatile, it contains the programs and
data until purposely changed or removed by the user. Memory is volatile, it is a
temporary work-space for retrieving programs and processing data.
Storage - ANSWER: Non-volatile. Hard drives, Solid State drives. Retains its content
even when the power is turned off.
Memory - ANSWER: Volatile. Made up of RAM chips. RAM loses all of its content
when the power is turned off.
When an application runs... - ANSWER: the software and data are copied from the
storage to memory (RAM), and the memory is where all calculating and comparing
takes place.
, Monolithic Kernel - ANSWER: kernel where all operating system services run along
the main thread, which resides in the same memory area (services and kernel main
thread) which provides powerful and rich hardware access.
Thread - ANSWER: In computer programming, a thread is placeholder information
associated with a single use of a program that can handle multiple concurrent users.
From the program's point-of-view, a thread is the information needed to serve one
individual user or a particular service request. If multiple users are using the program
or concurrent requests from other programs occur, a thread is created and
maintained for each of them. The thread allows a program to know which user is
being served as the program alternately gets re-entered on behalf of different users.
(One way thread information is kept by storing it in a special data area and putting
the address of that data area in a register. The operating system always saves the
contents of the register when the program is interrupted and restores it when it
gives the program control again.)
Micro Kernel - ANSWER: Kernel that defines a simple abstraction over hardware that
uses primitives or system calls to implement minimum OS services such as
multitasking, memory management, and inter-process communication
Image - ANSWER: an exact replica of the contents of a storage device (like a hard
drive) stored on a second storage device
Virtual Disk Image (VDI) - ANSWER: the image of a virtual hard disk of the logical disk
associated with a virtual machine - replicates a VM's hard disk to be used later on as
backup, restoration, or to be copied to a new VM.
SSH - ANSWER: Secure shell - cryptographic protocal and interface for executing
network services, shell services, and secure network communication with a remote
computer - lets users log on to a remote computer and perform shell and network
services.
vSphere - ANSWER: VMware vSphere is the brand name for VMware's suite of
virtualization products.
VMware vSphere, which is a necessary component of the vCloud Suite for cloud
computing, includes
VMware ESXi - abstracts processor, memory, storage, and other resources into
multiple virtual machines (VMs).
VMware vCenter Server - central control point for data center services such as access
control, performance monitoring and alarm management.
VMware vSphere Client - allows users to remotely connect to ESXi or vCenter Server
from any Windows PC.
VMware vSphere Web Client - allows users to remotely connect to vCenter Server
from a variety of Web browsers and operating systems (OSes).
VMware vSphere SDKs - provides interfaces for accessing vSphere components.
NEW SEMESTER (SUMMER FALL SESSION) GRADED A+
Shell - ANSWER: Software that provides an interface for an operating system's users
to provide access to the Kernel's services. Can be invoked through the shell
command in the command-line interface (CLI). For some OS, the shell can be
considered a place where applications can run in protected memory space with
resources being shared among multiple shells
Kernel - ANSWER: Core component of the operating system. Uses interprocess
communication and system calls, where it acts like a bridge between applications
and the data processing performed at the hardware level. Handles disk
management, task management, and memory management. When OS is loaded into
memory, the kernel is loaded first, and it remains there until the OS is shut down
again
Shell Script - ANSWER: a small computer program that is designed to be run or
executed in sequence by the UNIX shell (CLI). Basically, it is a set of commands that
the shell in a UNIX-based OS follows - the commands in the shell can contain
parameters and sub-commands that tell the shell what to do. These are used for
repetitive tasks that are time-consuming.
Shell Variable - ANSWER: a variable that is only available to the current shell. A shell
is the operating system's command interpreter - it processes the commands entered
on the command line or read from a shell script file.
Bourne Shell - ANSWER: a UNIX shell (command processor) that is used for scripting.
Known for "sh" command and dollar symbol $ used in the command prompts. This
shell also executes commands and functions that are predefined or integrated, files
that follow a command path, and text file commands.
GNU - ANSWER: GNU's Not Unix. UNIX-compatible OS - collection of software
applications, libraries, and developer tools AND a program to allocate resources and
communicate with the hardware, or the kernel. Main components: GNU compiler
collection, GNU C library, GNU Emacs text editor, GNOME desktop environment.
DRS - ANSWER: Distributed Resource Scheduler - scheduling tool for virtualization.
Hypervisor software links various virtual machines, each of which resources from a
given pool. DRS helps to provide resources in real-time by active or passive
allocations of virtualization resources like virtual memory and CPU.
HA - ANSWER: High Availability - durable systems with continuous operation made
possible through failover processes, RAID memory, and the automation of functions
like rebooting VMs on stable hosts when failure occurs.
,Failover - ANSWER: constant capability to automatically and seamlessly switch to a
highly reliable back-up. Can be done redundantly or in a stand-by operational mode
upon the failure of a primary server, application, or other primary system
component. Fail over for a server uses a heartbeat cable connecting two servers -
when the pulse between the servers changes, the secondary server will be triggered
to take over the primary servers work and alert the data center.
CPU - ANSWER: Central Processing Unit - the unit that performs most of the
processing inside a computer - controls instructions and data flow to and from other
parts of the computer - relies heavily on a chip set, which is a group of microchips
located on the motherboard.
Control Unit (CPU) - ANSWER: Component of CPU that extracts instructions from
memory and decodes and executes them.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)(CPU) - ANSWER: Component of CPU that handles
arithmetic and logical operations.
RabbitMQ - ANSWER: Open-source message broker - helps globally share and
monitor messages in a multi-client environment and enable communication
between different connected systems.
JumpBox (Jump Server) - ANSWER: special purpose computer (server) on a network
used to manage devices in a separate security zone - device that spans two dissimilar
security zones and provides a controlled means of access between them.
DHCP - ANSWER: Dynamic host control protocol - network management protocol
used to dynamically assign IP addresses to new nodes entering the network.
Node - ANSWER: Point of intersection/connection within a network - major center
where internet traffic is typically routed.
Client - ANSWER: the receiving end of a service or the requester of a service in a
client-server model type of system. A client can be a simple application or a whole
system that accesses service being provided by a server.
Thin Client - ANSWER: a client application with minimum functions that uses the
resources provided by host computer - its job is to display the results processed by a
server, it relies on the server to do most or all of the processing.
Thick/Fat Client - ANSWER: a client application that can do most of its processing and
does not necessarily rely on a central server BUT may need to connect with one for
some information, uploading, or to update data or the program itself.
Hybrid Client - ANSWER: a client application that can do most of its processes on its
own but may rely on a server for critical data or for storage.
,VMK - ANSWER: Virtual Machine Kernel - virtualization infrastructure (hypervisor)
that enables, emulates and provides for the creation of VMs on operating systems -
supports multiple guest operating system images - allocates separate virtualized
computing resouces for each virtual machine (processing, storage, memory)
Processor - ANSWER: Logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic
instructions that drive a computer
Primary functions of a processor(4) - ANSWER: Fetch, decode, execute, write back
Basic elements of a processor (4) - ANSWER: Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), floating
point unit (FPU), registers, L1/L2 cache memory
Floating point unit (FPU) - ANSWER: math (numeric) co-processor - specialized co-
processor that manipulates number quicker than basic microprocessor circuitry can.
Registers - ANSWER: A processor register (CPU register) is one of a small set of data
holding places that are part of the computer processor.
A register may hold an instruction, a storage address, or any kind of data (such as a
bit sequence or individual characters). Some instructions specify registers as part of
the instruction. For example, an instruction may specify that the contents of two
defined registers be added together and then placed in a specified register
Cache memory - ANSWER: Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random
access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than
it can access regular RAM. This memory is typically integrated directly with the CPU
chip or placed on a separate chip that has a separate bus interconnect with the CPU.
The basic purpose of cache memory is to store program instructions that are
frequently re-referenced by software during operation. Fast access to these
instructions increases the overall speed of the software program.
Storage vs Memory - ANSWER: Storage is non-volatile, it contains the programs and
data until purposely changed or removed by the user. Memory is volatile, it is a
temporary work-space for retrieving programs and processing data.
Storage - ANSWER: Non-volatile. Hard drives, Solid State drives. Retains its content
even when the power is turned off.
Memory - ANSWER: Volatile. Made up of RAM chips. RAM loses all of its content
when the power is turned off.
When an application runs... - ANSWER: the software and data are copied from the
storage to memory (RAM), and the memory is where all calculating and comparing
takes place.
, Monolithic Kernel - ANSWER: kernel where all operating system services run along
the main thread, which resides in the same memory area (services and kernel main
thread) which provides powerful and rich hardware access.
Thread - ANSWER: In computer programming, a thread is placeholder information
associated with a single use of a program that can handle multiple concurrent users.
From the program's point-of-view, a thread is the information needed to serve one
individual user or a particular service request. If multiple users are using the program
or concurrent requests from other programs occur, a thread is created and
maintained for each of them. The thread allows a program to know which user is
being served as the program alternately gets re-entered on behalf of different users.
(One way thread information is kept by storing it in a special data area and putting
the address of that data area in a register. The operating system always saves the
contents of the register when the program is interrupted and restores it when it
gives the program control again.)
Micro Kernel - ANSWER: Kernel that defines a simple abstraction over hardware that
uses primitives or system calls to implement minimum OS services such as
multitasking, memory management, and inter-process communication
Image - ANSWER: an exact replica of the contents of a storage device (like a hard
drive) stored on a second storage device
Virtual Disk Image (VDI) - ANSWER: the image of a virtual hard disk of the logical disk
associated with a virtual machine - replicates a VM's hard disk to be used later on as
backup, restoration, or to be copied to a new VM.
SSH - ANSWER: Secure shell - cryptographic protocal and interface for executing
network services, shell services, and secure network communication with a remote
computer - lets users log on to a remote computer and perform shell and network
services.
vSphere - ANSWER: VMware vSphere is the brand name for VMware's suite of
virtualization products.
VMware vSphere, which is a necessary component of the vCloud Suite for cloud
computing, includes
VMware ESXi - abstracts processor, memory, storage, and other resources into
multiple virtual machines (VMs).
VMware vCenter Server - central control point for data center services such as access
control, performance monitoring and alarm management.
VMware vSphere Client - allows users to remotely connect to ESXi or vCenter Server
from any Windows PC.
VMware vSphere Web Client - allows users to remotely connect to vCenter Server
from a variety of Web browsers and operating systems (OSes).
VMware vSphere SDKs - provides interfaces for accessing vSphere components.
