NR 507 Week 2 Assignment Hematological Disorders
GRADED A+ |ACTUAL ASSIGNMENT|
Anemia - ANSWER: abnormally number of circulating RBC, low hemoglobin, or both
Normal male HgB - ANSWER: 14-18 g/dl
Normal female HgB - ANSWER: 12-14 g/dl
hemoglobin - ANSWER: protein in RBC that binds/attaches to O2 to iron atoms,
carries O2 around the body. If it drops too low, it means that the body is not carrying
around enough O2
Usual causes of anemia - ANSWER: inadequate production (not making enough RBC)
increased destruction of RBC's prior to 120 day cycle
blood loss (RBC's lost too quickly)
altered HgB synthesis - ANSWER: pt is having trouble making enough HgB because
their body is lacking something (happens with iron deficiency-can't make HgB if you
don't have enough iron)
altered DNA synthesis - ANSWER: can't replace RBC because there is a problem with
DNA (happens with Vit B12 & folic acid deficiency)
bone marrow failure - ANSWER: fails to make blood cells (RBC, WBC and platelets)
and causes aplastic anemia (typically deadly)
increased RBC loss or destruction - ANSWER: happens with acute/chronic blood loss,
increased hemolysis of RBC or certain other infections
Symptoms of anemia - ANSWER: pale skin, mucous conjunctive, nail beds
incr heart and RR rate
angina
fatigue
dyspnea upon exertion (DOE)
night cramps
cerebral hypoxia
heart failure
circulatory shock w/rapid blood loss
Why does anemia cause increased heart and RR? - ANSWER: pt is not circulating
enough O2, the heart pumps faster which makes the patient breathe faster to keep
up with the heart
Cerebral hypoxia - ANSWER: lack of sufficient O2 to the brain which results in
headaches, dizziness, dim-fuzzy vision
, What happens to a pt in shock from rapid blood loss? - ANSWER: B/P lowers, pulse
increases (r/t heart beating faster trying to pump blood to body), pt gets dizzy and
loses conciousness (r/t lack of O2), can usually see bleeding (GSW, stabbing, etc.)
Categories of anemia - ANSWER: Blood loss anemia (acute or chronic)
Nutritional anemia (iron, B12, Folic acid)
hemolytic anemia (sickle cell)
Bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia)
Acute blood loss anemia characteristics - ANSWER: Blood volume decreases, thus BP
decreases, fluid shifts from interstitial spaces to bloodstream to try to stabilize BP
resulting in tissue dehydration. Size and shape of RBC's are normal, HgB and Hct level
decrease.
Chronic blood loss charateristics - ANSWER: happens over extended period of time
R/T heavy menstrual periods, cancer. Depletion of iron stores in the body (bone
marrow tries to make RBC's but body doesn't have enough iron left to make them
and loses the blood). RBC's are microcytic and hypochromic (small and pale). HgB
and Hct levels low.
Nutritional anemia effects the formation of what? - ANSWER: RBC's
Nutrient deficit anemia may be caused by what? - ANSWER: inadequate diet,
malabsorption, increased need for the nutrient (such as pregnancy)
What are the common types of nutritional anemia? - ANSWER: iron deficiency (r/t
not eating foods w/enough iron)
Vit B12 deficiency (altered DNA synthesis)
Folic acid deficiency (altered DNA synthesis)
Vit B12 and folic acid anemia cause RBC's to be what size and color? - ANSWER:
Megaloblastic anemia (alters DNA synthesis), the RBC's are larger and darker red
than normal
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by - ANSWER: inadequate intake of iron and/or
somewhat excessive loss of blood (put together the person is even more anemic).
If your body lacks enough iron intake, what protein cannot be made? - ANSWER: HgB
What are some common causes of iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER: inadequate
intake
malabsorption (r/t Crohn's, ulcerative colitis
increased needs (pregnancy)
Iron deficiency anemia chronic blood loss reasons - ANSWER: most common in adult
females-menstrual loss
GRADED A+ |ACTUAL ASSIGNMENT|
Anemia - ANSWER: abnormally number of circulating RBC, low hemoglobin, or both
Normal male HgB - ANSWER: 14-18 g/dl
Normal female HgB - ANSWER: 12-14 g/dl
hemoglobin - ANSWER: protein in RBC that binds/attaches to O2 to iron atoms,
carries O2 around the body. If it drops too low, it means that the body is not carrying
around enough O2
Usual causes of anemia - ANSWER: inadequate production (not making enough RBC)
increased destruction of RBC's prior to 120 day cycle
blood loss (RBC's lost too quickly)
altered HgB synthesis - ANSWER: pt is having trouble making enough HgB because
their body is lacking something (happens with iron deficiency-can't make HgB if you
don't have enough iron)
altered DNA synthesis - ANSWER: can't replace RBC because there is a problem with
DNA (happens with Vit B12 & folic acid deficiency)
bone marrow failure - ANSWER: fails to make blood cells (RBC, WBC and platelets)
and causes aplastic anemia (typically deadly)
increased RBC loss or destruction - ANSWER: happens with acute/chronic blood loss,
increased hemolysis of RBC or certain other infections
Symptoms of anemia - ANSWER: pale skin, mucous conjunctive, nail beds
incr heart and RR rate
angina
fatigue
dyspnea upon exertion (DOE)
night cramps
cerebral hypoxia
heart failure
circulatory shock w/rapid blood loss
Why does anemia cause increased heart and RR? - ANSWER: pt is not circulating
enough O2, the heart pumps faster which makes the patient breathe faster to keep
up with the heart
Cerebral hypoxia - ANSWER: lack of sufficient O2 to the brain which results in
headaches, dizziness, dim-fuzzy vision
, What happens to a pt in shock from rapid blood loss? - ANSWER: B/P lowers, pulse
increases (r/t heart beating faster trying to pump blood to body), pt gets dizzy and
loses conciousness (r/t lack of O2), can usually see bleeding (GSW, stabbing, etc.)
Categories of anemia - ANSWER: Blood loss anemia (acute or chronic)
Nutritional anemia (iron, B12, Folic acid)
hemolytic anemia (sickle cell)
Bone marrow failure (aplastic anemia)
Acute blood loss anemia characteristics - ANSWER: Blood volume decreases, thus BP
decreases, fluid shifts from interstitial spaces to bloodstream to try to stabilize BP
resulting in tissue dehydration. Size and shape of RBC's are normal, HgB and Hct level
decrease.
Chronic blood loss charateristics - ANSWER: happens over extended period of time
R/T heavy menstrual periods, cancer. Depletion of iron stores in the body (bone
marrow tries to make RBC's but body doesn't have enough iron left to make them
and loses the blood). RBC's are microcytic and hypochromic (small and pale). HgB
and Hct levels low.
Nutritional anemia effects the formation of what? - ANSWER: RBC's
Nutrient deficit anemia may be caused by what? - ANSWER: inadequate diet,
malabsorption, increased need for the nutrient (such as pregnancy)
What are the common types of nutritional anemia? - ANSWER: iron deficiency (r/t
not eating foods w/enough iron)
Vit B12 deficiency (altered DNA synthesis)
Folic acid deficiency (altered DNA synthesis)
Vit B12 and folic acid anemia cause RBC's to be what size and color? - ANSWER:
Megaloblastic anemia (alters DNA synthesis), the RBC's are larger and darker red
than normal
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by - ANSWER: inadequate intake of iron and/or
somewhat excessive loss of blood (put together the person is even more anemic).
If your body lacks enough iron intake, what protein cannot be made? - ANSWER: HgB
What are some common causes of iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWER: inadequate
intake
malabsorption (r/t Crohn's, ulcerative colitis
increased needs (pregnancy)
Iron deficiency anemia chronic blood loss reasons - ANSWER: most common in adult
females-menstrual loss
