Clinical Laboratory Methods PPT 12-
Immunology & Serology updated and
Revised 2024/2025
What are the 2 immune responses? (__immunity) - ANSWER>>innate immunity
acquired immunity
which immunity is non specific? which is specific and adaptive? (acquired or
innate) - ANSWER>>1. non specific -> innate immunity
2. specific -> acquired immunity
What's an inflammatory response? - ANSWER>>response to infection or tissue
injury
which immunity has barriers against general pathogens? - ANSWER>>innate
immunity
What are the steps to an inflammatory response? - ANSWER>>Chemicals are
released from injured or infected site
Blood vessels dilate and allows neutrophils to pass into tissue
Phagocytosis by neutrophils; causes pH change
Monocytes migrate into tissues; now macrophages and cont phagocytosis
what are some signs of inflammation? - ANSWER>>redness, swelling, heat, pain,
loss of function
NK cells are part of what cell class? - ANSWER>>class of lymphocytes
where are NK cells found? - ANSWER>>blood and peripheral lymph organs
,Nk cells recognize and kill what cells? - ANSWER>>kill host cells that are coated
with IgG
how do NK cells activate phagocytes? - ANSWER>>through the use of interferon
what are interferons? - ANSWER>>soluble proteins secreted by cells
Interferon is a cytokine and mainly the big reason it is used is to do what?** -
ANSWER>>prevent viral replication
what else does interferon do? - ANSWER>>Elicit other cellular reactions
Influence NK cells
Also active in adaptive system as well as innate system
what is complement? - ANSWER>>collective group of proteins found in blood
True or False
complement acts in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity systems\\? -
ANSWER>>TRUE
Activation of complement causes what to occur? - ANSWER>>activated cause
complement cascade (3 pathways)
Classical is a type of complement pathway in which what happens? -
ANSWER>>Classical: adaptive, activated C1 binds to antigen-antibody complexes
that are formed in the body
Innate is a type of complement pathway in which what happens? -
ANSWER>>Innate; microbial surfaces and plasma lectin binding
(big idea: it binds to microbial surfaces)
, Complement has many physiological effects. Name 2 - ANSWER>>Opsonization of
microbes..makes them more easy to find and more readily recognized and more
easily destroyed
Promotion of phagocytosis
Stimulate inflammation..stim. continued inflammatory response
Stimulate cell lysis
Membrane attack complex
what are the 2 components of acquired immunity? - ANSWER>>humoral (B cells)
cell mediated (t cells)
if the pathogen gets passed innate immunity what does your body also have?
(what other immunity system) - ANSWER>>adaptive immunity
adaptive immunity responds specifically to what? - ANSWER>>to antigens
what is the goal of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER>>to neutralize, detoxify, and
eliminate
what is the main cell type of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER>>lymphocytes
in the adaptive immunity, macrophages are responsible for what? - ANSWER>>for
process and presentation of antigens (antigen presenting cells)
adaptive immunity develops where? matures where? - ANSWER>>Develop in yolk
sac, then fetal liver, then bone marrow (once patient is born)
Mature in either bone marrow (B cells) or thymus (T cells)..
in humoral immunity, ___ are secreted by the B cells into ___ -
ANSWER>>Antibodies (Ig molecules) are secreted by B cells
Secreted into body's fluids ..(aka hemour)
Immunology & Serology updated and
Revised 2024/2025
What are the 2 immune responses? (__immunity) - ANSWER>>innate immunity
acquired immunity
which immunity is non specific? which is specific and adaptive? (acquired or
innate) - ANSWER>>1. non specific -> innate immunity
2. specific -> acquired immunity
What's an inflammatory response? - ANSWER>>response to infection or tissue
injury
which immunity has barriers against general pathogens? - ANSWER>>innate
immunity
What are the steps to an inflammatory response? - ANSWER>>Chemicals are
released from injured or infected site
Blood vessels dilate and allows neutrophils to pass into tissue
Phagocytosis by neutrophils; causes pH change
Monocytes migrate into tissues; now macrophages and cont phagocytosis
what are some signs of inflammation? - ANSWER>>redness, swelling, heat, pain,
loss of function
NK cells are part of what cell class? - ANSWER>>class of lymphocytes
where are NK cells found? - ANSWER>>blood and peripheral lymph organs
,Nk cells recognize and kill what cells? - ANSWER>>kill host cells that are coated
with IgG
how do NK cells activate phagocytes? - ANSWER>>through the use of interferon
what are interferons? - ANSWER>>soluble proteins secreted by cells
Interferon is a cytokine and mainly the big reason it is used is to do what?** -
ANSWER>>prevent viral replication
what else does interferon do? - ANSWER>>Elicit other cellular reactions
Influence NK cells
Also active in adaptive system as well as innate system
what is complement? - ANSWER>>collective group of proteins found in blood
True or False
complement acts in both innate immunity and adaptive immunity systems\\? -
ANSWER>>TRUE
Activation of complement causes what to occur? - ANSWER>>activated cause
complement cascade (3 pathways)
Classical is a type of complement pathway in which what happens? -
ANSWER>>Classical: adaptive, activated C1 binds to antigen-antibody complexes
that are formed in the body
Innate is a type of complement pathway in which what happens? -
ANSWER>>Innate; microbial surfaces and plasma lectin binding
(big idea: it binds to microbial surfaces)
, Complement has many physiological effects. Name 2 - ANSWER>>Opsonization of
microbes..makes them more easy to find and more readily recognized and more
easily destroyed
Promotion of phagocytosis
Stimulate inflammation..stim. continued inflammatory response
Stimulate cell lysis
Membrane attack complex
what are the 2 components of acquired immunity? - ANSWER>>humoral (B cells)
cell mediated (t cells)
if the pathogen gets passed innate immunity what does your body also have?
(what other immunity system) - ANSWER>>adaptive immunity
adaptive immunity responds specifically to what? - ANSWER>>to antigens
what is the goal of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER>>to neutralize, detoxify, and
eliminate
what is the main cell type of adaptive immunity? - ANSWER>>lymphocytes
in the adaptive immunity, macrophages are responsible for what? - ANSWER>>for
process and presentation of antigens (antigen presenting cells)
adaptive immunity develops where? matures where? - ANSWER>>Develop in yolk
sac, then fetal liver, then bone marrow (once patient is born)
Mature in either bone marrow (B cells) or thymus (T cells)..
in humoral immunity, ___ are secreted by the B cells into ___ -
ANSWER>>Antibodies (Ig molecules) are secreted by B cells
Secreted into body's fluids ..(aka hemour)
