Lifespan Development QUESTIONS AND
WELL UPDATED ANSWERS
Developmentalists (developmental scientists) - ANSWER>>Researchers and
practitioners whose professional interest lies in the study of the human lifespan.
Lifespan Development - ANSWER>>the scientific study of human growth
throughout life
Child development - ANSWER>>the study of childhood and the teenage years
Gerontology - ANSWER>>the scientific study of aging—the other core discipline in
lifespan development—had a slower start.
adult development - ANSWER>>the scientific study of adult life.
multidisciplinary - ANSWER>>Lifespan development is ______________. It draws
on fields as different as neuroscience, nursing, psychology, and social policy to
understand human development.
Normative; transitions - ANSWER>>Predictable life changes that occur during
development....such as retirement, becoming parents, or beginning middle school
non-normative - ANSWER>>Unpredictable or atypical life changes that occur
during development... such as divorce or death of a child
contexts of development (broad general influences) - ANSWER>>Fundamental
markers, including cohort, socioeconomic status, culture, and gender, that shape
how we develop throughout the lifespan
,Cohort - ANSWER>>The age group with whom we travel through life
baby boom cohort - ANSWER>>The huge age group born between 1946 and 1964.
tabula rasa - ANSWER>>Locke believed that human beings are born a _________
_________, a blank slate on which anything could be written, and that the way
we treat children shapes their adult lives.
emerging adulthood - ANSWER>>The phase of life that begins after high school,
lasts through the late twenties, and is devoted to constructing an adult life.
average life expectancy - ANSWER>>A person's fifty-fifty chance at birth of living
to a given age.
20th century life expectancy revolution - ANSWER>>May qualify as the most
important milestone in human history; The dramatic increase in average life
expectancy that occurred during the first half of the twentieth century in the
developed world.
chronic diseases - ANSWER>>In the last 50 years, our progress has been slower
because the diseases we now die from, called ___________ ____________—such
as heart disease, cancer, and stroke—are tied to the aging process itself.
maximum lifespan - ANSWER>>The biological limit of human life (about 105
years).
young-old - ANSWER>>People in their sixties and seventies: who usually look and
feel middle-aged and often reject the idea that they are old
old-old - ANSWER>>Are people in their eighties, who seem in a different class.
They are more likely to have physical and mental disabilities, and so are more
prone to fit the stereotype of the frail, dependent older adult.
,Decade of protest - ANSWER>>The 1960s "___________ ____ __________"
included the civil rights and women's movements, the sexual revolution, and the
"counterculture" movement that emphasized liberation in every area of life
social networking sites - ANSWER>>Internet sites whose goal is to forge personal
connections among users.
culture of connectivity - ANSWER>>Cell phones and texting instituted what one
expert has labeled our twenty-first century "__________ ______
______________," by tethering us to our significant others every moment of the
day.
Income inequalities - ANSWER>>The gap between the rich and poor within a
nation; specifically, when income inequality is wide, a nation has few very affluent
residents and a mass of disadvantaged citizens.
upward mobility - ANSWER>>Rising in social class and/or economic status from
one's childhood.
That is, a child's chance of rising in socioeconomic status compared to her
parents, was virtually guaranteed
Socioeconomic status - ANSWER>>a term referring to our education and
income—actually makes a major impact on development at every life stage
Developed-world - ANSWER>>_________-_________ (the most affluent nations
in the world) nations are defined by their wealth, or high median per-person
incomes.
Developing-world - ANSWER>>____________-__________ countries stand in
sharp contrast to these most affluent world regions. In the least-developed
countries, people may not have indoor plumbing, clean running water, or access
to education.
, Collectivist cultures - ANSWER>>Societies that prize social harmony, obedience,
and close family connectedness over individual achievement.
Individualistic cultures - ANSWER>>emphasize independence, competition, and
personal success.
Theories - ANSWER>>Any perspective explaining why people act the way they do;
theories allow us to predict behavior and also suggest how to intervene to
improve behavior.
Nature - ANSWER>>Biological or genetic causes of development
Nurture - ANSWER>>Environmental causes of development
traditional behaviorists; John Watson and B.F. Skinner - ANSWER>>The original
behavioral worldview that focused on charting and modifying only "objective"
visible behaviors.
Operant Conditioning - ANSWER>>B.F. Skinner: According to traditional
behaviorists, the law of learning that determines any voluntary response.
Responses that we reward, or reinforce, are learned. Responses that are not
reinforced go away, or are extinguished.
Reinforcement - ANSWER>>Behavioral term for reward.
______________ (and its opposite process, extinction) is a powerful force for
both good and bad. It explains why a child who starts out succeeding early in
elementary school (being reinforced by receiving A's) is apt to study more.
cognitive behaviorism (social learning theory) - ANSWER>>A behavioral worldview
that emphasizes that people learn by watching others and that our thoughts
WELL UPDATED ANSWERS
Developmentalists (developmental scientists) - ANSWER>>Researchers and
practitioners whose professional interest lies in the study of the human lifespan.
Lifespan Development - ANSWER>>the scientific study of human growth
throughout life
Child development - ANSWER>>the study of childhood and the teenage years
Gerontology - ANSWER>>the scientific study of aging—the other core discipline in
lifespan development—had a slower start.
adult development - ANSWER>>the scientific study of adult life.
multidisciplinary - ANSWER>>Lifespan development is ______________. It draws
on fields as different as neuroscience, nursing, psychology, and social policy to
understand human development.
Normative; transitions - ANSWER>>Predictable life changes that occur during
development....such as retirement, becoming parents, or beginning middle school
non-normative - ANSWER>>Unpredictable or atypical life changes that occur
during development... such as divorce or death of a child
contexts of development (broad general influences) - ANSWER>>Fundamental
markers, including cohort, socioeconomic status, culture, and gender, that shape
how we develop throughout the lifespan
,Cohort - ANSWER>>The age group with whom we travel through life
baby boom cohort - ANSWER>>The huge age group born between 1946 and 1964.
tabula rasa - ANSWER>>Locke believed that human beings are born a _________
_________, a blank slate on which anything could be written, and that the way
we treat children shapes their adult lives.
emerging adulthood - ANSWER>>The phase of life that begins after high school,
lasts through the late twenties, and is devoted to constructing an adult life.
average life expectancy - ANSWER>>A person's fifty-fifty chance at birth of living
to a given age.
20th century life expectancy revolution - ANSWER>>May qualify as the most
important milestone in human history; The dramatic increase in average life
expectancy that occurred during the first half of the twentieth century in the
developed world.
chronic diseases - ANSWER>>In the last 50 years, our progress has been slower
because the diseases we now die from, called ___________ ____________—such
as heart disease, cancer, and stroke—are tied to the aging process itself.
maximum lifespan - ANSWER>>The biological limit of human life (about 105
years).
young-old - ANSWER>>People in their sixties and seventies: who usually look and
feel middle-aged and often reject the idea that they are old
old-old - ANSWER>>Are people in their eighties, who seem in a different class.
They are more likely to have physical and mental disabilities, and so are more
prone to fit the stereotype of the frail, dependent older adult.
,Decade of protest - ANSWER>>The 1960s "___________ ____ __________"
included the civil rights and women's movements, the sexual revolution, and the
"counterculture" movement that emphasized liberation in every area of life
social networking sites - ANSWER>>Internet sites whose goal is to forge personal
connections among users.
culture of connectivity - ANSWER>>Cell phones and texting instituted what one
expert has labeled our twenty-first century "__________ ______
______________," by tethering us to our significant others every moment of the
day.
Income inequalities - ANSWER>>The gap between the rich and poor within a
nation; specifically, when income inequality is wide, a nation has few very affluent
residents and a mass of disadvantaged citizens.
upward mobility - ANSWER>>Rising in social class and/or economic status from
one's childhood.
That is, a child's chance of rising in socioeconomic status compared to her
parents, was virtually guaranteed
Socioeconomic status - ANSWER>>a term referring to our education and
income—actually makes a major impact on development at every life stage
Developed-world - ANSWER>>_________-_________ (the most affluent nations
in the world) nations are defined by their wealth, or high median per-person
incomes.
Developing-world - ANSWER>>____________-__________ countries stand in
sharp contrast to these most affluent world regions. In the least-developed
countries, people may not have indoor plumbing, clean running water, or access
to education.
, Collectivist cultures - ANSWER>>Societies that prize social harmony, obedience,
and close family connectedness over individual achievement.
Individualistic cultures - ANSWER>>emphasize independence, competition, and
personal success.
Theories - ANSWER>>Any perspective explaining why people act the way they do;
theories allow us to predict behavior and also suggest how to intervene to
improve behavior.
Nature - ANSWER>>Biological or genetic causes of development
Nurture - ANSWER>>Environmental causes of development
traditional behaviorists; John Watson and B.F. Skinner - ANSWER>>The original
behavioral worldview that focused on charting and modifying only "objective"
visible behaviors.
Operant Conditioning - ANSWER>>B.F. Skinner: According to traditional
behaviorists, the law of learning that determines any voluntary response.
Responses that we reward, or reinforce, are learned. Responses that are not
reinforced go away, or are extinguished.
Reinforcement - ANSWER>>Behavioral term for reward.
______________ (and its opposite process, extinction) is a powerful force for
both good and bad. It explains why a child who starts out succeeding early in
elementary school (being reinforced by receiving A's) is apt to study more.
cognitive behaviorism (social learning theory) - ANSWER>>A behavioral worldview
that emphasizes that people learn by watching others and that our thoughts
