Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam2
239Questions and Answers all answers
100%(Latest 2024 )
Cleft lip - ANSWER>>upper lip to fuse during development
Cleft palate - ANSWER>>failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse in development; leads to
feeding issues, speech problems, ear infections, and hearing problems
develop at 4-7 weeks gestation
associated with genetic mutations, drugs, toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette
smoking - ANSWER>>cleft palate
esophageal atresia - ANSWER>>incomplete formation of esophagus
most common is type C, rarest and most severe is type D
exact cause unknown, associated with VACTERL
esophageal atresia risk factors - ANSWER>>increased paternal age and maternal use of assisted
reproduction
Esophageal atresia manifestations - ANSWER>>excessive secretions, coughing, vomiting, and
cyanosis after feeding
Esophageal atresia complication - ANSWER>>aspiration pneumonia
Pyloric stenosis - ANSWER>>narrowing of the pyloric sphincter; muscle fibers become thick and
stiff, making it difficult for the stomach to empty food into small intestine
Exposure to macrolides (antibiotics) in early infancy leads to increased - ANSWER>>pyloric
stenosis
pyloric stenosis manifestation - ANSWER>>hard mass in the abdomen
regurgitation
projectile vomiting
small and infrequent stools
, Hiatal Hernia - ANSWER>>protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in
the diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia manifestations - ANSWER>>indigestion and heartburn
frequent belching
nausea
*chest pain
strictures
dysphagia
soft upper abdominal mass
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - ANSWER>>backflow of contents of the stomach into
the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter,
causing burning pain in the esophagus
GERD manifestations - ANSWER>>heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, may be
asymptomatic
Gastritis - ANSWER>>inflammation of the stomach lining
acute gastritis - ANSWER>>usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
and epigastric pain
Gastritis manifestations - ANSWER>>hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration
and bleeding
chronic gastritis - ANSWER>>-develops gradually
-dull epigastric pain & sensation of full stomach
-erosive or nonerosive
gastritis complications - ANSWER>>peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
Gastroenteritis - ANSWER>>stomach flu; inflammation to the stomach and intestines from
infection or allergic reaction
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - ANSWER>>Erosive lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or
duodenum.
--develops from imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms
239Questions and Answers all answers
100%(Latest 2024 )
Cleft lip - ANSWER>>upper lip to fuse during development
Cleft palate - ANSWER>>failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse in development; leads to
feeding issues, speech problems, ear infections, and hearing problems
develop at 4-7 weeks gestation
associated with genetic mutations, drugs, toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette
smoking - ANSWER>>cleft palate
esophageal atresia - ANSWER>>incomplete formation of esophagus
most common is type C, rarest and most severe is type D
exact cause unknown, associated with VACTERL
esophageal atresia risk factors - ANSWER>>increased paternal age and maternal use of assisted
reproduction
Esophageal atresia manifestations - ANSWER>>excessive secretions, coughing, vomiting, and
cyanosis after feeding
Esophageal atresia complication - ANSWER>>aspiration pneumonia
Pyloric stenosis - ANSWER>>narrowing of the pyloric sphincter; muscle fibers become thick and
stiff, making it difficult for the stomach to empty food into small intestine
Exposure to macrolides (antibiotics) in early infancy leads to increased - ANSWER>>pyloric
stenosis
pyloric stenosis manifestation - ANSWER>>hard mass in the abdomen
regurgitation
projectile vomiting
small and infrequent stools
, Hiatal Hernia - ANSWER>>protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in
the diaphragm
Hiatal Hernia manifestations - ANSWER>>indigestion and heartburn
frequent belching
nausea
*chest pain
strictures
dysphagia
soft upper abdominal mass
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - ANSWER>>backflow of contents of the stomach into
the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter,
causing burning pain in the esophagus
GERD manifestations - ANSWER>>heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, may be
asymptomatic
Gastritis - ANSWER>>inflammation of the stomach lining
acute gastritis - ANSWER>>usually develops suddenly and is likely to be accompanied by nausea
and epigastric pain
Gastritis manifestations - ANSWER>>hematemesis and dark, tarry stools can indicate ulceration
and bleeding
chronic gastritis - ANSWER>>-develops gradually
-dull epigastric pain & sensation of full stomach
-erosive or nonerosive
gastritis complications - ANSWER>>peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and hemorrhage
Gastroenteritis - ANSWER>>stomach flu; inflammation to the stomach and intestines from
infection or allergic reaction
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - ANSWER>>Erosive lesions affecting the lining of the stomach or
duodenum.
--develops from imbalance between destructive forces and protective mechanisms
