VATI Medical Surgical Assessment Exam Latest
Fall-Spring Semester |COMPLETE
Risk factors for Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWER: 1) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
2) DM
3) Chronic glomerulonephritis
4) Nephrotoxic medications
5) HTN
6) Autoimmun disorders (i.e. SLE)
7) Pyelonephrosis
7) Renal artery stenosis
8) Recurrent severe infections
CKD (chronic kidney disease): Urinalysis results - ANSWER: -hematuria
-proteinuria
CKD (chronic kidney disease): Serum Creatinine - ANSWER: Gradual increase
>4 mg/mL (can get as high as 15-30)
CKD (chronic kidney disease): BUN - ANSWER: Gradual increase: can be as high as
180-200
CKD (chronic kidney disease): High Electrolytes - ANSWER: -hyperkalemia (high K+)
-hyperphosphatemia
-hypermagnesmia
CKD (chronic kidney disease): LOW electrolytes - ANSWER: -hyponatremia
(dilutional)
-hypocalcemia
CKD (chronic kidney disease): CBC results - ANSWER: -decreased h/h (hemoglobin
and hematocrit)
-anemia
Medications for CKD - ANSWER: -Sodium Polystyrene
-Erthyropoeitin Alfa
-Ferrous Sulfate
-Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
-Furosemide
Sodium Polystyrene (CKD use) - ANSWER: increases elimination of K+ in the stool
treatment for hyperkalemia
Erythropoietin (CKD use) - ANSWER: Stimulates production of RBCs
, treatment of anemia
Ferrous Sulfate (CKD use) - ANSWER: treatment of anemia and prevention of severe
iron deficiency
Aluminum Hydroxide Gel (CKD use) - ANSWER: phosphate binder (take with food)
Furosemide (CKD use) - ANSWER: excretion of excess fluid
Patient Teaching: CKD - ANSWER: 1) monitor daily intake of: carbs, proteins, sodium,
and potassium
2) follow fluid restriction
3) avoid antacids that contain magnesium
4) measure BP and weight at home
5) medications (how to)
6) exercise
Dietary Restrictions: CKD - ANSWER: -protein (depending on the stage of disease and
whether on dialysis)
-potassium
-magnesium
-phosphorous
Diabetes insipidus: urinalysis - ANSWER: low specific gravity (<1.005) = dilute
Decreased:
-pH
-Na+
-K+
Diabetes insipidus: serum chemistry - ANSWER: INCREASED serum osmolality (>300)
= Concentrated
increased:
-K+
-Na+
Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER: 1) water deprivation test = they still
excrete a high volume of dilute urine
2) Despopressin acetate (vasopressin) challenge = produces urine output with
increased specific gravity
Nursing Interventions: Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER: -Daily weight
-I&O
-labs (electroytes, urinalysis, etc.)
-medications
Fall-Spring Semester |COMPLETE
Risk factors for Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWER: 1) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
2) DM
3) Chronic glomerulonephritis
4) Nephrotoxic medications
5) HTN
6) Autoimmun disorders (i.e. SLE)
7) Pyelonephrosis
7) Renal artery stenosis
8) Recurrent severe infections
CKD (chronic kidney disease): Urinalysis results - ANSWER: -hematuria
-proteinuria
CKD (chronic kidney disease): Serum Creatinine - ANSWER: Gradual increase
>4 mg/mL (can get as high as 15-30)
CKD (chronic kidney disease): BUN - ANSWER: Gradual increase: can be as high as
180-200
CKD (chronic kidney disease): High Electrolytes - ANSWER: -hyperkalemia (high K+)
-hyperphosphatemia
-hypermagnesmia
CKD (chronic kidney disease): LOW electrolytes - ANSWER: -hyponatremia
(dilutional)
-hypocalcemia
CKD (chronic kidney disease): CBC results - ANSWER: -decreased h/h (hemoglobin
and hematocrit)
-anemia
Medications for CKD - ANSWER: -Sodium Polystyrene
-Erthyropoeitin Alfa
-Ferrous Sulfate
-Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
-Furosemide
Sodium Polystyrene (CKD use) - ANSWER: increases elimination of K+ in the stool
treatment for hyperkalemia
Erythropoietin (CKD use) - ANSWER: Stimulates production of RBCs
, treatment of anemia
Ferrous Sulfate (CKD use) - ANSWER: treatment of anemia and prevention of severe
iron deficiency
Aluminum Hydroxide Gel (CKD use) - ANSWER: phosphate binder (take with food)
Furosemide (CKD use) - ANSWER: excretion of excess fluid
Patient Teaching: CKD - ANSWER: 1) monitor daily intake of: carbs, proteins, sodium,
and potassium
2) follow fluid restriction
3) avoid antacids that contain magnesium
4) measure BP and weight at home
5) medications (how to)
6) exercise
Dietary Restrictions: CKD - ANSWER: -protein (depending on the stage of disease and
whether on dialysis)
-potassium
-magnesium
-phosphorous
Diabetes insipidus: urinalysis - ANSWER: low specific gravity (<1.005) = dilute
Decreased:
-pH
-Na+
-K+
Diabetes insipidus: serum chemistry - ANSWER: INCREASED serum osmolality (>300)
= Concentrated
increased:
-K+
-Na+
Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER: 1) water deprivation test = they still
excrete a high volume of dilute urine
2) Despopressin acetate (vasopressin) challenge = produces urine output with
increased specific gravity
Nursing Interventions: Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER: -Daily weight
-I&O
-labs (electroytes, urinalysis, etc.)
-medications
