Pathophysiology of the Nervous System all Units
Exam Graded A+ LATEST SPRING- SUMMER TERM
WITH RATIONALE
What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system - ANSWER: Neurons and
neuroglia (glial cells)
Where are dendrites and what do they do? - ANSWER: Come off of the cell body;
receive signals from other cells
Where is the axon terminal - ANSWER: Other side of the cell body
The axon is the - ANSWER: Long part that connects the cell body to the axon terminal
Cell bodies packed together in the CNS are called - ANSWER: Nuclei
Cell bodies packed in the PNS are called - ANSWER: Ganglia
Dendrities carry signals which way? - ANSWER: TO the cell body; they receive the
signals
Where do axons carry the signals - ANSWER: Away from the cell body
These axons are _________ ; which helps them send the signal faster - ANSWER:
Myelinated
What is the space between the myelin sheaths called? The small parts with no
covering - ANSWER: Nodes of Ranvier
Unipolar would be a __________ neuron - ANSWER: Sensory Neuron
Multipolar would be - ANSWER: Motor Neuron
Pyrimidal neurons are found only - ANSWER: In the CNS
Bipolar neurons are called - ANSWER: Interneurons
Afferent neurons carry signals where? - ANSWER: From the body to the CNS
Efferent neurons carry signals where? - ANSWER: From the CNS to the body
Interneurons are only found - ANSWER: In the CNS
How many support cells are in the CNS; PNS - ANSWER: 4; 1
, The most abundant support cell is - ANSWER: Astrocytes
What do astrocytes do? - ANSWER: Provide nutrition and anchor neurons blood
supply
What do oligodendrocytes do? - ANSWER: Produce myelin in the CNS
What do ependymal cells do? - ANSWER: Line the cavities of the CNS; and make the
walls of the ventricles; secrete CSF
What are microglia - ANSWER: Immune cells of the CNS
What is the only support cell in the PNS - ANSWER: Schwann Cells
What do Schwann Cells do - ANSWER: Provide myelination to axons in the PNS
They also have some - ANSWER: Phagocytic activity if needed
Membrane potential is the - ANSWER: Difference in charge inside the cell and
outside
Resting membrane potential is mainly kept by and what is it? - ANSWER: Na+/K+
pump (3NA+ out and 2K+ in) ; -70 mV
This pump uses how much ATP of the cell - ANSWER: ~40%
Where do Na+ and K+ go - ANSWER: 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in ; results in net negative
charge
Where is there more Na+ - ANSWER: Extracellular
K+ - ANSWER: Intracellular
Cl- - ANSWER: Extracellular
How does an action potential happen - ANSWER: Sodium comes in when the channel
opens > depolarization (cell becoming more +) > re-polarization occurs when the K+
channel opens and K+ leaves the cell; can also open Cl- channel resulting in
hyperpolarization
The action potential is what kind of response - ANSWER: All or none
What is refractory period - ANSWER: Period at the end when the neuron can't fire no
matter what the stimulus is
What brings everything back together at the end of an action potential - ANSWER:
The sodium/potassium pump
Exam Graded A+ LATEST SPRING- SUMMER TERM
WITH RATIONALE
What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system - ANSWER: Neurons and
neuroglia (glial cells)
Where are dendrites and what do they do? - ANSWER: Come off of the cell body;
receive signals from other cells
Where is the axon terminal - ANSWER: Other side of the cell body
The axon is the - ANSWER: Long part that connects the cell body to the axon terminal
Cell bodies packed together in the CNS are called - ANSWER: Nuclei
Cell bodies packed in the PNS are called - ANSWER: Ganglia
Dendrities carry signals which way? - ANSWER: TO the cell body; they receive the
signals
Where do axons carry the signals - ANSWER: Away from the cell body
These axons are _________ ; which helps them send the signal faster - ANSWER:
Myelinated
What is the space between the myelin sheaths called? The small parts with no
covering - ANSWER: Nodes of Ranvier
Unipolar would be a __________ neuron - ANSWER: Sensory Neuron
Multipolar would be - ANSWER: Motor Neuron
Pyrimidal neurons are found only - ANSWER: In the CNS
Bipolar neurons are called - ANSWER: Interneurons
Afferent neurons carry signals where? - ANSWER: From the body to the CNS
Efferent neurons carry signals where? - ANSWER: From the CNS to the body
Interneurons are only found - ANSWER: In the CNS
How many support cells are in the CNS; PNS - ANSWER: 4; 1
, The most abundant support cell is - ANSWER: Astrocytes
What do astrocytes do? - ANSWER: Provide nutrition and anchor neurons blood
supply
What do oligodendrocytes do? - ANSWER: Produce myelin in the CNS
What do ependymal cells do? - ANSWER: Line the cavities of the CNS; and make the
walls of the ventricles; secrete CSF
What are microglia - ANSWER: Immune cells of the CNS
What is the only support cell in the PNS - ANSWER: Schwann Cells
What do Schwann Cells do - ANSWER: Provide myelination to axons in the PNS
They also have some - ANSWER: Phagocytic activity if needed
Membrane potential is the - ANSWER: Difference in charge inside the cell and
outside
Resting membrane potential is mainly kept by and what is it? - ANSWER: Na+/K+
pump (3NA+ out and 2K+ in) ; -70 mV
This pump uses how much ATP of the cell - ANSWER: ~40%
Where do Na+ and K+ go - ANSWER: 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in ; results in net negative
charge
Where is there more Na+ - ANSWER: Extracellular
K+ - ANSWER: Intracellular
Cl- - ANSWER: Extracellular
How does an action potential happen - ANSWER: Sodium comes in when the channel
opens > depolarization (cell becoming more +) > re-polarization occurs when the K+
channel opens and K+ leaves the cell; can also open Cl- channel resulting in
hyperpolarization
The action potential is what kind of response - ANSWER: All or none
What is refractory period - ANSWER: Period at the end when the neuron can't fire no
matter what the stimulus is
What brings everything back together at the end of an action potential - ANSWER:
The sodium/potassium pump
