JoAnn Smith, 72 years old Heart Failure Case study
latest 2024 Update Graded A+ (SOLVED)
Heart Failure - ANSWER: Condition where heart cannot pump effectively.
Systolic Heart Failure - ANSWER: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
Diastolic Heart Failure - ANSWER: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
(HFpEF).
Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANSWER: Percentage of blood pumped from left ventricle.
Normal EF Range - ANSWER: Ejection fraction between 50-70%.
Impaired Gas Exchange - ANSWER: Ineffective transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Vital Signs - ANSWER: Measurements of body functions: HR, BP, RR.
Oxygen Saturation - ANSWER: Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.
High Fowler's Position - ANSWER: Sitting position to aid breathing.
BiPAP - ANSWER: Noninvasive ventilation delivering pressurized air.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - ANSWER: Sudden nighttime shortness of breath.
Orthopnea - ANSWER: Shortness of breath when lying flat.
Pulmonary Edema - ANSWER: Fluid accumulation in lungs causing dyspnea.
Tachycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
S3 Heart Sound - ANSWER: Sound indicating fluid overload in heart failure.
Pitting Edema - ANSWER: Swelling in extremities that leaves an indentation.
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD) - ANSWER: Bulging of neck veins indicating heart
failure.
NYHA Classification - ANSWER: System to classify heart failure severity.
ACCF/AHA Staging - ANSWER: Stages of heart failure based on symptoms.
Shortness of Breath (SOB) - ANSWER: Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless.
Frothy Secretions - ANSWER: Pink-tinged fluid indicating pulmonary edema.
, Accessory Muscles - ANSWER: Muscles used to assist with breathing.
Mental Status Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of cognition and alertness.
Work of Breathing - ANSWER: Effort required to breathe effectively.
Cough Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of cough presence and characteristics.
Chest Pain Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of pain using PQRS method.
Sedentary Lifestyle - ANSWER: Low physical activity level contributing to health
issues.
NT-proBNP - ANSWER: N-terminal prohormone of BNP; indicates heart failure
severity.
Normal NT-proBNP Level - ANSWER: Less than 100 pg/mL for individuals under 75.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - ANSWER: Elevated in heart failure; secreted by
ventricles.
N-terminal prohormone - ANSWER: Prohormone that converts to BNP during heart
stress.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) - ANSWER: Secreted by atria in response to atrial
distension.
Natriuretic Peptides - ANSWER: Reduce ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis.
Glomerulus Filtration Rate - ANSWER: Increased by natriuretic peptides, enhancing
sodium excretion.
Furosemide - ANSWER: Loop diuretic; prevents NaCl reabsorption in kidneys.
Dapagliflozin - ANSWER: SGLT2 inhibitor; reduces glucose and sodium reabsorption.
2-gram Sodium Diet - ANSWER: Dietary restriction to manage fluid retention in heart
failure.
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) - ANSWER: Severe worsening of heart
failure symptoms requiring hospitalization.
Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) - ANSWER: Noninvasive ventilation to assist
breathing in heart failure.
Daily Weights - ANSWER: Monitor fluid status; 1 kg loss equals 1 liter loss.
latest 2024 Update Graded A+ (SOLVED)
Heart Failure - ANSWER: Condition where heart cannot pump effectively.
Systolic Heart Failure - ANSWER: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
Diastolic Heart Failure - ANSWER: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
(HFpEF).
Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANSWER: Percentage of blood pumped from left ventricle.
Normal EF Range - ANSWER: Ejection fraction between 50-70%.
Impaired Gas Exchange - ANSWER: Ineffective transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Vital Signs - ANSWER: Measurements of body functions: HR, BP, RR.
Oxygen Saturation - ANSWER: Percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.
High Fowler's Position - ANSWER: Sitting position to aid breathing.
BiPAP - ANSWER: Noninvasive ventilation delivering pressurized air.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea - ANSWER: Sudden nighttime shortness of breath.
Orthopnea - ANSWER: Shortness of breath when lying flat.
Pulmonary Edema - ANSWER: Fluid accumulation in lungs causing dyspnea.
Tachycardia - ANSWER: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
S3 Heart Sound - ANSWER: Sound indicating fluid overload in heart failure.
Pitting Edema - ANSWER: Swelling in extremities that leaves an indentation.
Jugular Venous Distension (JVD) - ANSWER: Bulging of neck veins indicating heart
failure.
NYHA Classification - ANSWER: System to classify heart failure severity.
ACCF/AHA Staging - ANSWER: Stages of heart failure based on symptoms.
Shortness of Breath (SOB) - ANSWER: Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless.
Frothy Secretions - ANSWER: Pink-tinged fluid indicating pulmonary edema.
, Accessory Muscles - ANSWER: Muscles used to assist with breathing.
Mental Status Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of cognition and alertness.
Work of Breathing - ANSWER: Effort required to breathe effectively.
Cough Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of cough presence and characteristics.
Chest Pain Assessment - ANSWER: Evaluation of pain using PQRS method.
Sedentary Lifestyle - ANSWER: Low physical activity level contributing to health
issues.
NT-proBNP - ANSWER: N-terminal prohormone of BNP; indicates heart failure
severity.
Normal NT-proBNP Level - ANSWER: Less than 100 pg/mL for individuals under 75.
B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - ANSWER: Elevated in heart failure; secreted by
ventricles.
N-terminal prohormone - ANSWER: Prohormone that converts to BNP during heart
stress.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) - ANSWER: Secreted by atria in response to atrial
distension.
Natriuretic Peptides - ANSWER: Reduce ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis.
Glomerulus Filtration Rate - ANSWER: Increased by natriuretic peptides, enhancing
sodium excretion.
Furosemide - ANSWER: Loop diuretic; prevents NaCl reabsorption in kidneys.
Dapagliflozin - ANSWER: SGLT2 inhibitor; reduces glucose and sodium reabsorption.
2-gram Sodium Diet - ANSWER: Dietary restriction to manage fluid retention in heart
failure.
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) - ANSWER: Severe worsening of heart
failure symptoms requiring hospitalization.
Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) - ANSWER: Noninvasive ventilation to assist
breathing in heart failure.
Daily Weights - ANSWER: Monitor fluid status; 1 kg loss equals 1 liter loss.
