PSY 120 Exam #3 Study Guide/ 210 Quizzes &
Definitions.
retrieval cue - Answer: retrieval cue: help in the process of recovering previously
stored memories (ex. pencil, notes, coffee all things at a lecture)
free recall - Answer: testing condition in which a person is asked to remember info
without explicit retrieval cues
cued recall - Answer: testing condition in which people are given an explicit
retrieval cue to help them remember
encoding-retrieval match - Answer: using a cue that matches the retrieval cues
given for the encoded memory (ex. wagon bank, instead of piggy bank) -- memory
= context dependent
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,transfer-appropriate processing - Answer: idea that the likelihood of correct
retrieval is increased if a person uses the same kind of mental processes during
testing that he or she used during encoding (ex. tugboat picture vs what rhymes
with "tug")
schema - Answer: an organized knowledge structure in LTM (ex. college students
sleep late, listen to loud music)
(add details to a larger generic framework)
How can schema-based remembering lead to false memories? - Answer: add
details to a larger generic framework
-added "angry" to word list because it fit the theme
-thought you had cereal 2 weeks ago bc that was routine
What do Elizabeth Loftus experiments demonstrate about schema-based
remembering - Answer: -different word choice impacts memory
-word gives person schema for the event
-the more people repeat these memories, the more certain they become, even if
distorted
misinformation effect - Answer: wording of questions can guide well-intentioned
people in one direction or the other
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, Think about the Robert Cotton case. Understand how and why eyewitness
testimony memories can get distorted, yet people can remain so confident they
are accurate. What happens when people are presented with a lineup and asked if
they see the suspect in the lineup? (hint: they compare all the people in the
lineup to their memory and try to find the person that BEST matches their
memory out of everyone in the line. But what if the real criminal isn't there?).
After somebody picks somebody out of a lineup, is it easy for the face of the
person they "picked" to now appear in their memory instead of the real
perpetrator? Is it particularly easy for people to become confident in this new
memory if they receive feedback that indicates they probably picked "right"? How
should eye witness recognition probably be done? Think about who should
conduct the witness interviews, whether witnesses should see lineups or a series
of ind - Answer: -when people are given a lineup, they think they have to pick
someone from it, even if the suspect isn't there
-once the victim picks the person, they begin to re-picture the innocent, picked
suspect in their memory
-when they get feedback that they're "right" it further affirms their decision
-eye witness recognition should be done with non-leading questions, immediately
after crime, and unbiasedly
-better to give witness series of pictures presented one by one
implicit explicit memory - Answer: remembering that occurs without conscious
awareness or willful intent
explicit memory - Answer: conscious, willful remembering
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Definitions.
retrieval cue - Answer: retrieval cue: help in the process of recovering previously
stored memories (ex. pencil, notes, coffee all things at a lecture)
free recall - Answer: testing condition in which a person is asked to remember info
without explicit retrieval cues
cued recall - Answer: testing condition in which people are given an explicit
retrieval cue to help them remember
encoding-retrieval match - Answer: using a cue that matches the retrieval cues
given for the encoded memory (ex. wagon bank, instead of piggy bank) -- memory
= context dependent
Page 1 of 30
,transfer-appropriate processing - Answer: idea that the likelihood of correct
retrieval is increased if a person uses the same kind of mental processes during
testing that he or she used during encoding (ex. tugboat picture vs what rhymes
with "tug")
schema - Answer: an organized knowledge structure in LTM (ex. college students
sleep late, listen to loud music)
(add details to a larger generic framework)
How can schema-based remembering lead to false memories? - Answer: add
details to a larger generic framework
-added "angry" to word list because it fit the theme
-thought you had cereal 2 weeks ago bc that was routine
What do Elizabeth Loftus experiments demonstrate about schema-based
remembering - Answer: -different word choice impacts memory
-word gives person schema for the event
-the more people repeat these memories, the more certain they become, even if
distorted
misinformation effect - Answer: wording of questions can guide well-intentioned
people in one direction or the other
Page 2 of 30
, Think about the Robert Cotton case. Understand how and why eyewitness
testimony memories can get distorted, yet people can remain so confident they
are accurate. What happens when people are presented with a lineup and asked if
they see the suspect in the lineup? (hint: they compare all the people in the
lineup to their memory and try to find the person that BEST matches their
memory out of everyone in the line. But what if the real criminal isn't there?).
After somebody picks somebody out of a lineup, is it easy for the face of the
person they "picked" to now appear in their memory instead of the real
perpetrator? Is it particularly easy for people to become confident in this new
memory if they receive feedback that indicates they probably picked "right"? How
should eye witness recognition probably be done? Think about who should
conduct the witness interviews, whether witnesses should see lineups or a series
of ind - Answer: -when people are given a lineup, they think they have to pick
someone from it, even if the suspect isn't there
-once the victim picks the person, they begin to re-picture the innocent, picked
suspect in their memory
-when they get feedback that they're "right" it further affirms their decision
-eye witness recognition should be done with non-leading questions, immediately
after crime, and unbiasedly
-better to give witness series of pictures presented one by one
implicit explicit memory - Answer: remembering that occurs without conscious
awareness or willful intent
explicit memory - Answer: conscious, willful remembering
Page 3 of 30
