CHEM 121 FINAL EXAM | UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED .Buy Quality Materials!
Covalent bond
nonmetal and nonmetal
Ionic bond
metal and nonmetal
Sharing of electrons, mainly on the right side of the table
covalent bond
losing and gaining electrons, whole table
ionic bond
bonding
holding onto shared electrons
molecule
2 or more atoms joined by covalent bonds
Diatomic molecules
element is never by itself naturally, most gases are diatomic
Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
ionic bond
Metals tend to ______ electrons
give up
Cation
positive ion
anion
negative ion
electrostatic interaction
a positive attracted to a negative
ionic solid
positive and negative ions packed together in a regular pattern
ionic compounds
metal and a non metal compound
molecular compound
only nonmetal compound
How do you name a binary ionic compound
Cation first (name of element) anion last (name of element ending in -ide)
How many cations can transition metals form
more than 1
How do you indicate a specific charge of a transition metal
roman numerals
In a neutral compound the # of positive and negative charges determines
the charge of the metal
Polyatomic ions
molecules with a charge associated with them
most polyatomic ions are
, anions
Polyatomic anions containing oxygen are called
oxyanions
what does the prefix Per- indicate
one more O atom than an oxyanion ending in -ate
what does hypo- indicate
one O atom fewer than the oxyanion ending in -ite
When you add an oxygen the ending changes from
-ite to -ate
Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by
hydrogen or dihydrogen as a prefix
Metals lose 1 electron to obtain NGC
Group 1A
Metals lose 2 electrons to obtain NGC
Group 2A
nonmetals gain 2 electrons to obtain NGC
Group 6A
Nonmetals gain 1 electron to obtain NGC
Group 7A
Octet Rule
The main group elements tend to go through reactions that leave them with 8 outer shell
electrons = noble gas configuration
Exceptions to octet rule
transition metals react with nonmetals to form cations by losing outer shell S electrons
then D electrons
Cations are ________ than their parent atoms
smaller
in ionic radii, Zeff increases which means
less e- to shield and more nucleus attraction
Group 1A elements form a
slightly positive charge (M+)
Group 2A elements form
doubly positive ions (M2+)
Group 3A elements form
triply positive ions (M3+)
Main group metals usually form anions whose charge is
equal to the group number minus 8
Group 6A elements form
doubly negative ions
Group 7A elements form
singly negative ions
Group 8A elements form
no ions at all
In any neutral compound the number of negative charges must equal the number
of
positive charges
ANSWERS UPDATED .Buy Quality Materials!
Covalent bond
nonmetal and nonmetal
Ionic bond
metal and nonmetal
Sharing of electrons, mainly on the right side of the table
covalent bond
losing and gaining electrons, whole table
ionic bond
bonding
holding onto shared electrons
molecule
2 or more atoms joined by covalent bonds
Diatomic molecules
element is never by itself naturally, most gases are diatomic
Transfer of electrons from one atom to another
ionic bond
Metals tend to ______ electrons
give up
Cation
positive ion
anion
negative ion
electrostatic interaction
a positive attracted to a negative
ionic solid
positive and negative ions packed together in a regular pattern
ionic compounds
metal and a non metal compound
molecular compound
only nonmetal compound
How do you name a binary ionic compound
Cation first (name of element) anion last (name of element ending in -ide)
How many cations can transition metals form
more than 1
How do you indicate a specific charge of a transition metal
roman numerals
In a neutral compound the # of positive and negative charges determines
the charge of the metal
Polyatomic ions
molecules with a charge associated with them
most polyatomic ions are
, anions
Polyatomic anions containing oxygen are called
oxyanions
what does the prefix Per- indicate
one more O atom than an oxyanion ending in -ate
what does hypo- indicate
one O atom fewer than the oxyanion ending in -ite
When you add an oxygen the ending changes from
-ite to -ate
Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by
hydrogen or dihydrogen as a prefix
Metals lose 1 electron to obtain NGC
Group 1A
Metals lose 2 electrons to obtain NGC
Group 2A
nonmetals gain 2 electrons to obtain NGC
Group 6A
Nonmetals gain 1 electron to obtain NGC
Group 7A
Octet Rule
The main group elements tend to go through reactions that leave them with 8 outer shell
electrons = noble gas configuration
Exceptions to octet rule
transition metals react with nonmetals to form cations by losing outer shell S electrons
then D electrons
Cations are ________ than their parent atoms
smaller
in ionic radii, Zeff increases which means
less e- to shield and more nucleus attraction
Group 1A elements form a
slightly positive charge (M+)
Group 2A elements form
doubly positive ions (M2+)
Group 3A elements form
triply positive ions (M3+)
Main group metals usually form anions whose charge is
equal to the group number minus 8
Group 6A elements form
doubly negative ions
Group 7A elements form
singly negative ions
Group 8A elements form
no ions at all
In any neutral compound the number of negative charges must equal the number
of
positive charges
