D202 Human Growth and Development Final Exam
2024 GRADED A+ WGU CERTIFIED EXAM 100% (200
Questions)
What is the embryonic period? - ANSWER: Weeks 3-8 of pregnancy, formation of
placenta and brain development
What is the fetal period? - ANSWER: From the end of the embryonic period until the
end of pregnancy, viability at 24 weeks
What influences sexual orientation? - ANSWER: Genetics, birth order, hormones
What are some maternal factors that can affect fetal development? - ANSWER: Age,
environmental teratogens, diabetes, high blood pressure, Rh factor, weight gain,
stress, depression
What are some risks during pregnancy? - ANSWER: Ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia,
spontaneous abortion
How many stages are there in labor for vaginal delivery? - ANSWER: Three
What are the other types of delivery? - ANSWER: Cesarean and induced
What is the APGAR score? - ANSWER: Assessment of newborn's heart rate, muscle
tone, reflexes, etc.
What is NBAS? - ANSWER: Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale used to assess
newborns.
When does the postpartum phase begin and end? - ANSWER: Begins after birth and
ends when mother's body returns to pre-pregnancy form.
What are maternal worries in the postpartum phase? - ANSWER: Mother's needs
and changes in taking on new responsibilities.
What is postpartum anxiety? - ANSWER: Elevated sense of worry about the infant
following childbirth.
What is postpartum depression? - ANSWER: Unusual sadness occurring after
childbirth.
What is postpartum psychosis? - ANSWER: Serious mental illness affecting new
mothers after childbirth.
,Why should new mothers seek medical assistance for postpartum anxiety? -
ANSWER: To address elevated worries about the infant.
What is physical growth? - ANSWER: Increase in body size and organ size in babies.
What does physical development aid in? - ANSWER: Maintenance of healthy weight,
strong bones, muscles, and heart.
What is motor development? - ANSWER: Physical growth and strengthening of bones
and muscles in children.
What do gross motor skills focus on? - ANSWER: Large muscle groups controlling
head, torso, arms, and legs.
What is the cephalocaudal path of development? - ANSWER: Development that
proceeds from head to tail.
What is the proximodistal path of development? - ANSWER: Development that
proceeds from midline outward.
What is sensory development? - ANSWER: Processes used to take in information
from the environment.
How can sensory processes be affected? - ANSWER: By the infant's developing motor
abilities.
Why is nutrition important for health and development? - ANSWER: It is related to
improved infant, child, and maternal health and stronger immune systems.
What is kwashiorkor? - ANSWER: A disease caused by protein deficiency.
When does kwashiorkor often occur? - ANSWER: After the birth of another sibling.
What are genes? - ANSWER: Inherited building blocks that determine development.
What is mitosis? - ANSWER: Nucleus makes copy of chromosomes and splits into two
cells.
What happens in meiosis? - ANSWER: Chromosomes duplicate and divide twice,
resulting in four cells.
What is genotype? - ANSWER: Sum total of inherited genes.
What is phenotype? - ANSWER: Features that are expressed.
What are dominant genes? - ANSWER: Express themselves in phenotype.
, What are recessive genes? - ANSWER: Express themselves only when paired with
similar gene.
What disorders are linked to genetics? - ANSWER: Sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs
disease, Tourette's syndrome, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia.
What is a chromosomal abnormality? - ANSWER: Inheriting too many or too few
chromosomes.
What are teratogens? - ANSWER: Environmental factors that can cause disorders in
infants.
What are examples of teratogens? - ANSWER: Smoking, binge drinking, mercury
exposure, rubella.
What is synaptogenesis? - ANSWER: Rapid growth of synapses in the brain.
What is synaptic pruning? - ANSWER: Elimination of unnecessary synapses.
What is neuroplasticity? - ANSWER: Brain's ability to change and adapt.
Where does most neural activity occur in the infant brain? - ANSWER: Cortex.
How many hemispheres does the brain cortex have? - ANSWER: Two.
How many lobes are in each hemisphere of the brain? - ANSWER: Four.
What are the folds separating the lobes called? - ANSWER: Fissures.
What is the average amount of sleep for a newborn? - ANSWER: Approximately 16.5
hours per 24-hour period.
What percentage of sleep time do newborns spend in the REM phase? - ANSWER:
Close to 50 percent.
What are the grasping and stepping reflexes eventually replaced by? - ANSWER:
More voluntary behaviors.
Which reflexes disappear within the first few months of life? - ANSWER: Grasping
and stepping reflexes.
Which reflexes remain and serve important functions? - ANSWER: Eye-blink,
swallowing, sneezing, and others.
What is the pincer grasp? - ANSWER: Ability to grasp an object using the forefinger
and thumb.
2024 GRADED A+ WGU CERTIFIED EXAM 100% (200
Questions)
What is the embryonic period? - ANSWER: Weeks 3-8 of pregnancy, formation of
placenta and brain development
What is the fetal period? - ANSWER: From the end of the embryonic period until the
end of pregnancy, viability at 24 weeks
What influences sexual orientation? - ANSWER: Genetics, birth order, hormones
What are some maternal factors that can affect fetal development? - ANSWER: Age,
environmental teratogens, diabetes, high blood pressure, Rh factor, weight gain,
stress, depression
What are some risks during pregnancy? - ANSWER: Ectopic pregnancy, preeclampsia,
spontaneous abortion
How many stages are there in labor for vaginal delivery? - ANSWER: Three
What are the other types of delivery? - ANSWER: Cesarean and induced
What is the APGAR score? - ANSWER: Assessment of newborn's heart rate, muscle
tone, reflexes, etc.
What is NBAS? - ANSWER: Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale used to assess
newborns.
When does the postpartum phase begin and end? - ANSWER: Begins after birth and
ends when mother's body returns to pre-pregnancy form.
What are maternal worries in the postpartum phase? - ANSWER: Mother's needs
and changes in taking on new responsibilities.
What is postpartum anxiety? - ANSWER: Elevated sense of worry about the infant
following childbirth.
What is postpartum depression? - ANSWER: Unusual sadness occurring after
childbirth.
What is postpartum psychosis? - ANSWER: Serious mental illness affecting new
mothers after childbirth.
,Why should new mothers seek medical assistance for postpartum anxiety? -
ANSWER: To address elevated worries about the infant.
What is physical growth? - ANSWER: Increase in body size and organ size in babies.
What does physical development aid in? - ANSWER: Maintenance of healthy weight,
strong bones, muscles, and heart.
What is motor development? - ANSWER: Physical growth and strengthening of bones
and muscles in children.
What do gross motor skills focus on? - ANSWER: Large muscle groups controlling
head, torso, arms, and legs.
What is the cephalocaudal path of development? - ANSWER: Development that
proceeds from head to tail.
What is the proximodistal path of development? - ANSWER: Development that
proceeds from midline outward.
What is sensory development? - ANSWER: Processes used to take in information
from the environment.
How can sensory processes be affected? - ANSWER: By the infant's developing motor
abilities.
Why is nutrition important for health and development? - ANSWER: It is related to
improved infant, child, and maternal health and stronger immune systems.
What is kwashiorkor? - ANSWER: A disease caused by protein deficiency.
When does kwashiorkor often occur? - ANSWER: After the birth of another sibling.
What are genes? - ANSWER: Inherited building blocks that determine development.
What is mitosis? - ANSWER: Nucleus makes copy of chromosomes and splits into two
cells.
What happens in meiosis? - ANSWER: Chromosomes duplicate and divide twice,
resulting in four cells.
What is genotype? - ANSWER: Sum total of inherited genes.
What is phenotype? - ANSWER: Features that are expressed.
What are dominant genes? - ANSWER: Express themselves in phenotype.
, What are recessive genes? - ANSWER: Express themselves only when paired with
similar gene.
What disorders are linked to genetics? - ANSWER: Sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs
disease, Tourette's syndrome, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia.
What is a chromosomal abnormality? - ANSWER: Inheriting too many or too few
chromosomes.
What are teratogens? - ANSWER: Environmental factors that can cause disorders in
infants.
What are examples of teratogens? - ANSWER: Smoking, binge drinking, mercury
exposure, rubella.
What is synaptogenesis? - ANSWER: Rapid growth of synapses in the brain.
What is synaptic pruning? - ANSWER: Elimination of unnecessary synapses.
What is neuroplasticity? - ANSWER: Brain's ability to change and adapt.
Where does most neural activity occur in the infant brain? - ANSWER: Cortex.
How many hemispheres does the brain cortex have? - ANSWER: Two.
How many lobes are in each hemisphere of the brain? - ANSWER: Four.
What are the folds separating the lobes called? - ANSWER: Fissures.
What is the average amount of sleep for a newborn? - ANSWER: Approximately 16.5
hours per 24-hour period.
What percentage of sleep time do newborns spend in the REM phase? - ANSWER:
Close to 50 percent.
What are the grasping and stepping reflexes eventually replaced by? - ANSWER:
More voluntary behaviors.
Which reflexes disappear within the first few months of life? - ANSWER: Grasping
and stepping reflexes.
Which reflexes remain and serve important functions? - ANSWER: Eye-blink,
swallowing, sneezing, and others.
What is the pincer grasp? - ANSWER: Ability to grasp an object using the forefinger
and thumb.
