MRSO PREP EXAM.WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.A+
GRADED.2024/2025.
Zero Boil-Off - ANSWER>>System that reduces/eliminates the need to recharge
Helium in a magnet.
Quench - ANSWER>>Quickly eliminating the magnetic field.
Not immediate, takes 3 to 5 minutes to completely eliminate magnetic field.
Loud Noise as Helium rushes out of Quench Vent.
Can cause crack in the wire (very costly to repair/replace).
Ohm's Law - ANSWER>>Resistance that is equal to Voltage divided by the
amperage in a wire.
V=IR
Use of Cryogen reduces/eliminates heating with high voltage and amperage
which allows for high magnetic field.
Cryogen - ANSWER>>Liquid Helium
42* Kelvin
Dual Cryogen System - ANSWER>>Helium
Nitrogen (used to keep Helium cold as back-up)
,Quench Vent - ANSWER>>Used to vent boiled off Helium to the outside.
Quench Vent in MRI Room is Zone IV (MRI manufacturer/engineer responsible for
inspecting)
Quench Vent outside is Zone III (Facility responsible for inspecting)
Quench concerns with malfunctioning Quench Vent. - ANSWER>>Dense fog in
room.
Can rain or snow which can contain Oxygen which is a fire risk.
Hypothermia/Frostbite due to lowered room temperature.
Aphyxiation
Ruptured Ear Drums because of increased pressure in room.
Difficulty opening door to Zone III due to increased pressure. May have to break
window to release pressure.
Magnet doesn't immediately lose its magnetic field.
Peripheral Nerve stimulation due to change in magnetic field.
Static Magnetic Field Concerns - ANSWER>>Translation/Rotational Force
*No adverse effects to patients or fetus have been noted to individuals exposed
to up to 8T.
Static Magnetic Field Occupational Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>ICNIRP
- Head and trunk is limited to a magnetic flux
,density of 2T
- Limits are limited to a magnetic flux density of
8T
IEC
- Head and trunk is limited to a magnetic flux
density of 4T.
- Limbs are limited to a magnetic flux density of
4T.
Static Magnetic Field General Public Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>400mT
FDA Limits for Static Magnetic Field - ANSWER>>< 1 month old - 4T
>1 month old - 8T
Exposure to Static Magnetic Field of >4T - ANSWER>>Requires approval.
Time Varying Gradient Field Concerns - ANSWER>>Electrical induction due to
principle of Faraday's Law.
Cardiac Fibrilation (not reported).
Diaphragm Spasm - cause difficulty breathing.
Brain
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - limited to the comfort of the patient.
Time-Varying Gradient Field Normal Operating Mode Limits - ANSWER>>IEC/FDA
, Normal Operating Mode
- 80% of the maximum dB/dt exposure.
= +1.0 * rb(1+0.36/teff)
Time-Varying Gradient Field First Level Mode Limits - ANSWER>>IEC/FDA
100% of the maxiumum dB/dt
= 0.8 *rb(1+0.36/teff)
Time-Varying Gradient Field Occupational Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>ICNRP
- restrictions are limited to 100kHz
IEC
- Limits to peripheral nerve stimulation.
Time-Varying RF Field Concerns - ANSWER>>The deposit of Heat (measured in
SAR).
Localized Heating to: Eyes, Fetus, & Testicles.
RF Burning.
Time-Varying RF Field Temperature Increase Limits - ANSWER>>FDA
- Whole body Exposure <1* Celsius.
Time-Varying RF Field Heating Limits Normal Operating Mode -
ANSWER>>Increase in core temperature to 0.5* Celsius
Increase in whole body SAR to less than 2W/kg
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.A+
GRADED.2024/2025.
Zero Boil-Off - ANSWER>>System that reduces/eliminates the need to recharge
Helium in a magnet.
Quench - ANSWER>>Quickly eliminating the magnetic field.
Not immediate, takes 3 to 5 minutes to completely eliminate magnetic field.
Loud Noise as Helium rushes out of Quench Vent.
Can cause crack in the wire (very costly to repair/replace).
Ohm's Law - ANSWER>>Resistance that is equal to Voltage divided by the
amperage in a wire.
V=IR
Use of Cryogen reduces/eliminates heating with high voltage and amperage
which allows for high magnetic field.
Cryogen - ANSWER>>Liquid Helium
42* Kelvin
Dual Cryogen System - ANSWER>>Helium
Nitrogen (used to keep Helium cold as back-up)
,Quench Vent - ANSWER>>Used to vent boiled off Helium to the outside.
Quench Vent in MRI Room is Zone IV (MRI manufacturer/engineer responsible for
inspecting)
Quench Vent outside is Zone III (Facility responsible for inspecting)
Quench concerns with malfunctioning Quench Vent. - ANSWER>>Dense fog in
room.
Can rain or snow which can contain Oxygen which is a fire risk.
Hypothermia/Frostbite due to lowered room temperature.
Aphyxiation
Ruptured Ear Drums because of increased pressure in room.
Difficulty opening door to Zone III due to increased pressure. May have to break
window to release pressure.
Magnet doesn't immediately lose its magnetic field.
Peripheral Nerve stimulation due to change in magnetic field.
Static Magnetic Field Concerns - ANSWER>>Translation/Rotational Force
*No adverse effects to patients or fetus have been noted to individuals exposed
to up to 8T.
Static Magnetic Field Occupational Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>ICNIRP
- Head and trunk is limited to a magnetic flux
,density of 2T
- Limits are limited to a magnetic flux density of
8T
IEC
- Head and trunk is limited to a magnetic flux
density of 4T.
- Limbs are limited to a magnetic flux density of
4T.
Static Magnetic Field General Public Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>400mT
FDA Limits for Static Magnetic Field - ANSWER>>< 1 month old - 4T
>1 month old - 8T
Exposure to Static Magnetic Field of >4T - ANSWER>>Requires approval.
Time Varying Gradient Field Concerns - ANSWER>>Electrical induction due to
principle of Faraday's Law.
Cardiac Fibrilation (not reported).
Diaphragm Spasm - cause difficulty breathing.
Brain
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - limited to the comfort of the patient.
Time-Varying Gradient Field Normal Operating Mode Limits - ANSWER>>IEC/FDA
, Normal Operating Mode
- 80% of the maximum dB/dt exposure.
= +1.0 * rb(1+0.36/teff)
Time-Varying Gradient Field First Level Mode Limits - ANSWER>>IEC/FDA
100% of the maxiumum dB/dt
= 0.8 *rb(1+0.36/teff)
Time-Varying Gradient Field Occupational Exposure Limits - ANSWER>>ICNRP
- restrictions are limited to 100kHz
IEC
- Limits to peripheral nerve stimulation.
Time-Varying RF Field Concerns - ANSWER>>The deposit of Heat (measured in
SAR).
Localized Heating to: Eyes, Fetus, & Testicles.
RF Burning.
Time-Varying RF Field Temperature Increase Limits - ANSWER>>FDA
- Whole body Exposure <1* Celsius.
Time-Varying RF Field Heating Limits Normal Operating Mode -
ANSWER>>Increase in core temperature to 0.5* Celsius
Increase in whole body SAR to less than 2W/kg
