ENT: assessment EXAM Questions and
Answers 100% Correct| Latest 2024
Performance of the Weber and Rinne tests to assess for hearing loss is best performed using
tuning fork with a frequency of:
A. 256 Hz.
B. 512 Hz.
C. 800 Hz.
D. 1000Hz. - ANSWER>>B. 512 Hz.
Performance of the Weber and Rinne tests to assess for hearing loss is best performed using
tuning fork with a frequency of 512 Hz. Tuning forks with lower frequency may be better felt
than heard, while tuning forks at higher frequency tend to lose vibratory energy quickly and are
difficult to activate for them to be heard with moderate or severe sensorineural impairment. A
tuning fork with a frequency of 512Hz is the most effective in assessing for air and bone
conduction of hearing.
A condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other is termed:
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. strabismus.
D. astigmatism. - ANSWER>>C. strabismus.
Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are misaligned. "Crossed-eyed", "wall
eye", or "lazy eye" are all associated with strabismus. Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when
light rays focus posterior to the retina. Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus
anterior to the retina. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes
blurriness.
A patient complains of seeing specks that obscure his line of vision when he looks in a certain
direction. This impairment could be caused by:
A. vitreous floaters.
B. retinal detachment.
C. macular degeneration.
D. scotomas. - ANSWER>>D. scotomas.
,With fixed defects, or scotomas, lesions appear in the retina or visual pathways of a certain
area of the field of vision. Moving specks or strands suggest vitreous floaters causing the specks
to be seen throughout the visual fields. Flashing lights or new vitreous floaters suggest
detachment of vitreous from retina. With macular degeneration, there is a loss of vision in the
central visual fields while peripheral vision remains intact.
A patient complains of a sore tongue. Findings reveal a smooth and erythematous tongue. This
condition is termed:
A. gingivitis.
B. stomatitis.
C. glossitis.
D. candidiasis. - ANSWER>>C. glossitis.
Glossitis is a term used to describe a sore tongue with an erythematous and smooth surface or
a general inflammation of the tongue. Gingivitis refers to an inflammation of the gums.
Stomatitis describes inflammation of the mouth including the mucous membranes and the lips.
Candidiasis refers to a yeast infection of the mouth and presents with yellowish white patchy
lesions in the mouth and tongue.
Examination of the eye reveals a painful, erythematous, and tender area around the nose and
lower eyelid. This condition is most likely:
A. conjunctivitis.
B. chalazion.
C. dacryocystitis.
D. pinguecula. - ANSWER>>C. dacryocystitis.
Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, the area between the lower eyelid and the
nose.
Dacryocystitis presents as a painful, red, tender area around the eye. Symptoms are typically
focused near the nose and the lower eyelid. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the
conjunctiva. Its associated findings include red, burning, itchy eyes. An obstructed nasolacrimal
duct would present with a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta of the eye. A chalazion is a
painless localized eye swelling caused by obstruction of Zeis or meibomian glands. Pinguecula is
a harmless yellowish triangular nodule noted in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris.
It usually develops later in life and is most common in older adults.
Examination of the nasolacrimal duct reveals a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta. This
finding is suggestive of:
,A. conjunctivitis.
B. an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.
C. dacryocystitis.
D. pinguecula. - ANSWER>>B. an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.
An obstructed nasolacrimal duct would present with a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta
of the eye.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva and findings include red, burning, and itchy
eyes. Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, the area between the lower eyelid
and the nose. Dacryocystitis presents as a painful, red, and tender area around the eye
especially near the nose. A pinguecula refers to a harmless yellowish triangular nodule noted in
the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. This finding may be seen in aging or in patients
who are exposed chronically to dust.
A reduction in vision in one or both eyes causing loss of binocular vision is termed:
A. strabismus.
B. amblyopia.
C. cataracts.
D. macular degeneration. - ANSWER>>B. amblyopia.
Amblyopia results from anything that causes visual deprivation to the eye, including congenital
cataracts, untreated strabismus, and refractive errors. With amblyopia, there is a reduction in
vision in one or both eyes causing loss of binocular vision. Cataracts are visualized by a
cloudiness or opacity in the lens.
Macular degeneration is defined as degeneration of the macular area of the retina.
When comparing veins and arteries in the eyes of older adults, the arteries appear:
A. bright red.
B. widened.
C. less brilliant.
D. curvy. - ANSWER>>C. less brilliant.
In older adults, the fundi lose their youthful shine and light reflections. The arteries look
narrowed, pale, straight, and less brilliant than in young or middle adults.
On ophthalmoscopic exam of the older adult, there is an increased cup-to-disc ratio: This
finding is suggestive of:
A. cataracts.
, B. macular degeneration.
C. open angle glaucoma.
D. blindness. - ANSWER>>C. open angle glaucoma.
The cup-to-disc ratio compares the diameter of the "cup" portion of the optic disc with the total
diameter of the optic disc. In glaucoma, an increase in intraocular pressure will damage the
delicate nerve fibers and produces additional cupping of the optic disc. As glaucoma worsens,
the cup enlarges until it occupies most of the disc area.
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the retina reveals AV banking. This appears as if the:
A. vein tapes down on either side of the artery.
B. vein is twisted on the distal side of the artery.
C. vein crosses beneath the artery.
D. vein stops abruptly on either side of the artery. - ANSWER>>B. vein is twisted on the distal
side of the artery.
When the arterial walls lose their transparency, changes appear in the arteriovenous crossings.
Decreased transparency of the retina probably contributes to AV nicking and AV tapering. In AV
nicking, the vein appears to stop abruptly on either side of the artery. In tapering, the vein
appears to taper down either side of the artery. In the normal eye, the vein appears to cross
beneath the artery. With banking, the vein appears to be twisted on the distal side of the artery
and forms a dark wide knuckle appearance.
When a 512 Hz tuning fork is placed over the mastoid bone and then held next to the ear canal
with recordings of how long sound was heard in each ear, this is known as the:
A. absolute bone conduction test.
B. pure tone audiometry test.
C. Weber test.
D. Rinne test. - ANSWER>>D. Rinne test.
The Rinne test is used to assess the air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) of sound in
each ear. Bone conduction uses the skull bone to transmit sound to the cochlea via vibration,
bypassing the external and middle ear. To test for this the vibrating tuning fork is held over the
mastoid bone until the patient signals the loss of sound. The turning fork is then moved near
(but not touching) the ear until the patient indicates they cease to hear sound. This is assessing
air conduction which is the transmission of sound to the cochlea via external air and middle ear.
Normally, the duration of time a patient hears sound is greater in air conduction than bone
conduction and is reported as AC > BC.
Answers 100% Correct| Latest 2024
Performance of the Weber and Rinne tests to assess for hearing loss is best performed using
tuning fork with a frequency of:
A. 256 Hz.
B. 512 Hz.
C. 800 Hz.
D. 1000Hz. - ANSWER>>B. 512 Hz.
Performance of the Weber and Rinne tests to assess for hearing loss is best performed using
tuning fork with a frequency of 512 Hz. Tuning forks with lower frequency may be better felt
than heard, while tuning forks at higher frequency tend to lose vibratory energy quickly and are
difficult to activate for them to be heard with moderate or severe sensorineural impairment. A
tuning fork with a frequency of 512Hz is the most effective in assessing for air and bone
conduction of hearing.
A condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other is termed:
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. strabismus.
D. astigmatism. - ANSWER>>C. strabismus.
Strabismus, heterotropia, is a condition in which the eyes are misaligned. "Crossed-eyed", "wall
eye", or "lazy eye" are all associated with strabismus. Hyperopia, farsightedness, occurs when
light rays focus posterior to the retina. Myopia, nearsightedness, occurs when light rays focus
anterior to the retina. In astigmatism, light rays do not focus correctly on the retina. This causes
blurriness.
A patient complains of seeing specks that obscure his line of vision when he looks in a certain
direction. This impairment could be caused by:
A. vitreous floaters.
B. retinal detachment.
C. macular degeneration.
D. scotomas. - ANSWER>>D. scotomas.
,With fixed defects, or scotomas, lesions appear in the retina or visual pathways of a certain
area of the field of vision. Moving specks or strands suggest vitreous floaters causing the specks
to be seen throughout the visual fields. Flashing lights or new vitreous floaters suggest
detachment of vitreous from retina. With macular degeneration, there is a loss of vision in the
central visual fields while peripheral vision remains intact.
A patient complains of a sore tongue. Findings reveal a smooth and erythematous tongue. This
condition is termed:
A. gingivitis.
B. stomatitis.
C. glossitis.
D. candidiasis. - ANSWER>>C. glossitis.
Glossitis is a term used to describe a sore tongue with an erythematous and smooth surface or
a general inflammation of the tongue. Gingivitis refers to an inflammation of the gums.
Stomatitis describes inflammation of the mouth including the mucous membranes and the lips.
Candidiasis refers to a yeast infection of the mouth and presents with yellowish white patchy
lesions in the mouth and tongue.
Examination of the eye reveals a painful, erythematous, and tender area around the nose and
lower eyelid. This condition is most likely:
A. conjunctivitis.
B. chalazion.
C. dacryocystitis.
D. pinguecula. - ANSWER>>C. dacryocystitis.
Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, the area between the lower eyelid and the
nose.
Dacryocystitis presents as a painful, red, tender area around the eye. Symptoms are typically
focused near the nose and the lower eyelid. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the
conjunctiva. Its associated findings include red, burning, itchy eyes. An obstructed nasolacrimal
duct would present with a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta of the eye. A chalazion is a
painless localized eye swelling caused by obstruction of Zeis or meibomian glands. Pinguecula is
a harmless yellowish triangular nodule noted in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris.
It usually develops later in life and is most common in older adults.
Examination of the nasolacrimal duct reveals a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta. This
finding is suggestive of:
,A. conjunctivitis.
B. an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.
C. dacryocystitis.
D. pinguecula. - ANSWER>>B. an obstructed nasolacrimal duct.
An obstructed nasolacrimal duct would present with a mucopurulent discharge from the puncta
of the eye.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva and findings include red, burning, and itchy
eyes. Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, the area between the lower eyelid
and the nose. Dacryocystitis presents as a painful, red, and tender area around the eye
especially near the nose. A pinguecula refers to a harmless yellowish triangular nodule noted in
the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. This finding may be seen in aging or in patients
who are exposed chronically to dust.
A reduction in vision in one or both eyes causing loss of binocular vision is termed:
A. strabismus.
B. amblyopia.
C. cataracts.
D. macular degeneration. - ANSWER>>B. amblyopia.
Amblyopia results from anything that causes visual deprivation to the eye, including congenital
cataracts, untreated strabismus, and refractive errors. With amblyopia, there is a reduction in
vision in one or both eyes causing loss of binocular vision. Cataracts are visualized by a
cloudiness or opacity in the lens.
Macular degeneration is defined as degeneration of the macular area of the retina.
When comparing veins and arteries in the eyes of older adults, the arteries appear:
A. bright red.
B. widened.
C. less brilliant.
D. curvy. - ANSWER>>C. less brilliant.
In older adults, the fundi lose their youthful shine and light reflections. The arteries look
narrowed, pale, straight, and less brilliant than in young or middle adults.
On ophthalmoscopic exam of the older adult, there is an increased cup-to-disc ratio: This
finding is suggestive of:
A. cataracts.
, B. macular degeneration.
C. open angle glaucoma.
D. blindness. - ANSWER>>C. open angle glaucoma.
The cup-to-disc ratio compares the diameter of the "cup" portion of the optic disc with the total
diameter of the optic disc. In glaucoma, an increase in intraocular pressure will damage the
delicate nerve fibers and produces additional cupping of the optic disc. As glaucoma worsens,
the cup enlarges until it occupies most of the disc area.
Ophthalmoscopic examination of the retina reveals AV banking. This appears as if the:
A. vein tapes down on either side of the artery.
B. vein is twisted on the distal side of the artery.
C. vein crosses beneath the artery.
D. vein stops abruptly on either side of the artery. - ANSWER>>B. vein is twisted on the distal
side of the artery.
When the arterial walls lose their transparency, changes appear in the arteriovenous crossings.
Decreased transparency of the retina probably contributes to AV nicking and AV tapering. In AV
nicking, the vein appears to stop abruptly on either side of the artery. In tapering, the vein
appears to taper down either side of the artery. In the normal eye, the vein appears to cross
beneath the artery. With banking, the vein appears to be twisted on the distal side of the artery
and forms a dark wide knuckle appearance.
When a 512 Hz tuning fork is placed over the mastoid bone and then held next to the ear canal
with recordings of how long sound was heard in each ear, this is known as the:
A. absolute bone conduction test.
B. pure tone audiometry test.
C. Weber test.
D. Rinne test. - ANSWER>>D. Rinne test.
The Rinne test is used to assess the air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) of sound in
each ear. Bone conduction uses the skull bone to transmit sound to the cochlea via vibration,
bypassing the external and middle ear. To test for this the vibrating tuning fork is held over the
mastoid bone until the patient signals the loss of sound. The turning fork is then moved near
(but not touching) the ear until the patient indicates they cease to hear sound. This is assessing
air conduction which is the transmission of sound to the cochlea via external air and middle ear.
Normally, the duration of time a patient hears sound is greater in air conduction than bone
conduction and is reported as AC > BC.
