NR 222 EXAM 2024 CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY
ACCURATE SUMMER-FALL TERM
dyscrasia - ANSWER: abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
Anemia - ANSWER: A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Role of erythropoietin - ANSWER: -signaling by the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR)
stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in the erythroblast lineage
steps of hemostasis - ANSWER: vasoconstriction - decreases blood flow
platelet plug- plugs the hole
coagulation- covers the hole
low RBC = - ANSWER: anemia
General Manifestations of anemia - ANSWER: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope,
dyspnea, tachycardia, stomatitis (inflammation of gi tract)
complications:
heart failure & chest pain
Why does low iron reduce oxygen transport? - ANSWER: low iron reduces the
amount of oxygen
iron deficiency anemia causes - ANSWER: -inadequate dietary intake
-malabsorption
-chronic blood loss
-severe liver disease (storage of iron)
iron deficiency anemia manifestations - ANSWER: brittle hair, spoon-shaped
concaved ridged nails, stomatitis, glossitis (inflammation of tongue)
pernicious anemia - ANSWER: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
pernicious anemia causes - ANSWER: dietary insufficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency,
surgical procedure of stomach
pernicious anemia manifestations - ANSWER: fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
paresthesia, ataxia, glossitis
neurological manifestations of pernicious anemia - ANSWER: tingling, burning in
extremities or loss of muscle controls
pancytopenia - ANSWER: abnormal reduction of all blood cells
,aplastic anemia - ANSWER: idiopathic, myelotoxins, viral infection
aplastic anemia manifestations - ANSWER: anemia (pallor, weakness, dyspnea,
tachycardia), infection, bleeding (cant stop bleeding no platelets)
What causes RBCs to sickle shaped? - ANSWER: deoxygenated blood crystallizes then
becomes crescent shaped
what factors can contribute to development of pain crisis with sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER: cells anaerobic breathing --> build of lactic acid = pain
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of Factor # __________. - ANSWER: 4
blood clotting causes - ANSWER: thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy, vitamin K
deficiency, liver disease, anticoagulants, ebola (destroys blood cells systemic
bleeding)
blood clotting manifestation - ANSWER: Persistent bleeding from gums
Petechiae & purpura/ecchymoses
Hemarthroses
Hemoptysis
Hematemesis
Hematuria
Blood in stool
Epistaxis
Hemophilia A cause - ANSWER: genetic & X-linked
Hemophilia A manifestations - ANSWER: Prolonged or persistent bleeding
Spontaneous bleeding
complications: hemorrhage
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) - ANSWER: Drug reaction mediated by
immune system
Heparin, Occurs usually 3-4 days after exposure
Manifestations:
Depends on location of thrombi
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) - ANSWER: Platelet count decreases
cause:
Idiopathic
Autoimmune
manifestations:
Minor bleeding
Bleeding Gums
Epistaxis
, Petechiae
Purpura
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) - ANSWER: Causes:
Idiopathic
Genetic
Unknown trigger
Pregnancy
Lupus
Manifestations:
Pentad (5 )
Petechiae & purpura
Jaundice
Oliguria or anuria
Fever
Headache & seizures
Dissemenated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER: Systemic Infections
Septicemia, toxemia, bacteremia
Liver disease
Trauma
Cancer
Dissemenated intravascular coagulation (DIC) manifestation - ANSWER: Multiple
bleeding sites
Petechiae & purpura
Mental status changes
main blood cell that if affected by leukemia? - ANSWER: WBC
which type of leukemia has better prognosis and why? - ANSWER: chronic because it
has normal cells still
blood types - ANSWER: O: universal donor
AB: universal recipient
Polycythemia - ANSWER: increase RBC
cause: Primary Unknown
Secondary Chronic hypoxia
Manifestations:
Plethoric & cyanosis
Skin & mucous membranes
Hypertension
Bounding pulse
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Complications: thrombus, infarction, heart failure
ACCURATE SUMMER-FALL TERM
dyscrasia - ANSWER: abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
Anemia - ANSWER: A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in
hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Role of erythropoietin - ANSWER: -signaling by the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR)
stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation in the erythroblast lineage
steps of hemostasis - ANSWER: vasoconstriction - decreases blood flow
platelet plug- plugs the hole
coagulation- covers the hole
low RBC = - ANSWER: anemia
General Manifestations of anemia - ANSWER: weakness, fatigue, pallor, syncope,
dyspnea, tachycardia, stomatitis (inflammation of gi tract)
complications:
heart failure & chest pain
Why does low iron reduce oxygen transport? - ANSWER: low iron reduces the
amount of oxygen
iron deficiency anemia causes - ANSWER: -inadequate dietary intake
-malabsorption
-chronic blood loss
-severe liver disease (storage of iron)
iron deficiency anemia manifestations - ANSWER: brittle hair, spoon-shaped
concaved ridged nails, stomatitis, glossitis (inflammation of tongue)
pernicious anemia - ANSWER: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to
absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
pernicious anemia causes - ANSWER: dietary insufficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency,
surgical procedure of stomach
pernicious anemia manifestations - ANSWER: fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia,
paresthesia, ataxia, glossitis
neurological manifestations of pernicious anemia - ANSWER: tingling, burning in
extremities or loss of muscle controls
pancytopenia - ANSWER: abnormal reduction of all blood cells
,aplastic anemia - ANSWER: idiopathic, myelotoxins, viral infection
aplastic anemia manifestations - ANSWER: anemia (pallor, weakness, dyspnea,
tachycardia), infection, bleeding (cant stop bleeding no platelets)
What causes RBCs to sickle shaped? - ANSWER: deoxygenated blood crystallizes then
becomes crescent shaped
what factors can contribute to development of pain crisis with sickle cell anemia? -
ANSWER: cells anaerobic breathing --> build of lactic acid = pain
Hemophilia A is a deficiency of Factor # __________. - ANSWER: 4
blood clotting causes - ANSWER: thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy, vitamin K
deficiency, liver disease, anticoagulants, ebola (destroys blood cells systemic
bleeding)
blood clotting manifestation - ANSWER: Persistent bleeding from gums
Petechiae & purpura/ecchymoses
Hemarthroses
Hemoptysis
Hematemesis
Hematuria
Blood in stool
Epistaxis
Hemophilia A cause - ANSWER: genetic & X-linked
Hemophilia A manifestations - ANSWER: Prolonged or persistent bleeding
Spontaneous bleeding
complications: hemorrhage
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) - ANSWER: Drug reaction mediated by
immune system
Heparin, Occurs usually 3-4 days after exposure
Manifestations:
Depends on location of thrombi
Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) - ANSWER: Platelet count decreases
cause:
Idiopathic
Autoimmune
manifestations:
Minor bleeding
Bleeding Gums
Epistaxis
, Petechiae
Purpura
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) - ANSWER: Causes:
Idiopathic
Genetic
Unknown trigger
Pregnancy
Lupus
Manifestations:
Pentad (5 )
Petechiae & purpura
Jaundice
Oliguria or anuria
Fever
Headache & seizures
Dissemenated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER: Systemic Infections
Septicemia, toxemia, bacteremia
Liver disease
Trauma
Cancer
Dissemenated intravascular coagulation (DIC) manifestation - ANSWER: Multiple
bleeding sites
Petechiae & purpura
Mental status changes
main blood cell that if affected by leukemia? - ANSWER: WBC
which type of leukemia has better prognosis and why? - ANSWER: chronic because it
has normal cells still
blood types - ANSWER: O: universal donor
AB: universal recipient
Polycythemia - ANSWER: increase RBC
cause: Primary Unknown
Secondary Chronic hypoxia
Manifestations:
Plethoric & cyanosis
Skin & mucous membranes
Hypertension
Bounding pulse
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Complications: thrombus, infarction, heart failure
