ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATION (2024/2025) EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+
<LATEST UPDATE>
Cytokines Include - ANSWER ✓✓ -Interferons (IFNs)
-Tumor necrosis factors
-Transforming GFs
-Interleukins (IL -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -10, and -15)
-These cytokines regulate antibody production and the functions of B and T cells
as well as interact with antigen-presenting cells and NKCs
Benign Tumors - ANSWER ✓✓ -encapsulated and grow in an orderly manner
with smooth edges
M Phase Checkpoints - ANSWER ✓✓ When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
,If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Pluripotent Stem Cell - ANSWER ✓✓ -The cells of the immune system are created
in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic
tissue, does not yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
Lymphoid Precursor Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - ANSWER ✓✓
Consists of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
Innate Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
,-Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and
macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages - ANSWER ✓✓ 1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or
not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
Adaptive Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
, -Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -B-Cells
-Memory B-Cells
-Plasma act to produce immunoglobulins (Igs) or antibodies
B-Cell - ANSWER ✓✓ -each one is programmed to make one specific antibody
-Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached
to surface of a microbe
-When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting
antibodies that are unique to that antigen
Plasma Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ -some plasma cells will undergo apoptosis
-Some will go to the BM where they will continue to secrete antibodies sometimes
for years
Cell-Mediated Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ Depends upon cytotoxic T cells and
helper T cells and their cyokinds
-more effective against antigens within cells
IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATION (2024/2025) EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+
<LATEST UPDATE>
Cytokines Include - ANSWER ✓✓ -Interferons (IFNs)
-Tumor necrosis factors
-Transforming GFs
-Interleukins (IL -1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -8, -10, and -15)
-These cytokines regulate antibody production and the functions of B and T cells
as well as interact with antigen-presenting cells and NKCs
Benign Tumors - ANSWER ✓✓ -encapsulated and grow in an orderly manner
with smooth edges
M Phase Checkpoints - ANSWER ✓✓ When the cells prepare to divide, the
chromosomes line up in the mitotic spindle.
,If the chromosomes are not properly aligned, division is not allowed to continue
Pluripotent Stem Cell - ANSWER ✓✓ -The cells of the immune system are created
in the bome marrow from what is know as a ___
-A stem cell that can differentiate into any cell type except for extraembryotic
tissue, does not yet have a function
Myeolid Precursor Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ Mature into:
-RBCS
-Plts
-WBCs (Granulocytes)
Lymphoid Precursor Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ Mature into:
-Specialized WBCs called lymphocytes (Agranulocytes)
Lines of Defense: The Immune System's Response to Attack - ANSWER ✓✓
Consists of 2 types of immunity:
1: Innate
2: Adaptive
Innate Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -First line of defense against a pathogen
-Does not retain memory of the entity
,-Involves the following:
(skin, mucous membranes, and normal flora of the skin and gut)
(Cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and
macrophages)
1. Phagocytes
2. Natural Killer Cells
3. Granulocytes
4. Macrophages - ANSWER ✓✓ 1.Cells that engulf and destroy invader
2. Cells that sense receptors on self and non-self to determine if they should kill or
not
3. Type of WBC that have granules (Neutrophils
Eosinophils - parasites
Basophils - release histamine to stimulate immune response)
4. Large phagocytic cells stimulated by infection
Adaptive Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -Stimulated if innate immunity is insufficient
-leads to immune system memory
-Humoral immunity
, -Cell-mediated immunity
-Regulatory T-cells
Humoral Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ -B-Cells
-Memory B-Cells
-Plasma act to produce immunoglobulins (Igs) or antibodies
B-Cell - ANSWER ✓✓ -each one is programmed to make one specific antibody
-Can recognize antigens whether they are freely circulating in the blood or attached
to surface of a microbe
-When dividing, can become plasma cells which will then begin secreting
antibodies that are unique to that antigen
Plasma Cells - ANSWER ✓✓ -some plasma cells will undergo apoptosis
-Some will go to the BM where they will continue to secrete antibodies sometimes
for years
Cell-Mediated Immunity - ANSWER ✓✓ Depends upon cytotoxic T cells and
helper T cells and their cyokinds
-more effective against antigens within cells
