Fresenius Clinical Annual Competency Exam LATEST
2024/2025 100% ACCURATE EXAM GRADED A+
The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work,
is the:
a) medulla
b) cortex
c) calyx
d) nephron - ANSWER: D) Nephron
A nephron is made up of:
a) a glomerulus and a tubule
b) the nephrons and a capsule
c) the loop of henle and the capillary ball
d) the bladder and the ureter - ANSWER: A) a glomerulus and a tubule
The endocrine functions of the kidney include:
a) regulating growth hormone and making thyroid hormone
b) making erythropoietin and the active form of Vitamin D
c) making estrogen and testosterone
d) regulating body temperature and sleep rhythms - ANSWER: B) making
erythropoietin and the active form of Vitamin D
The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease for adults in the US is:
a) Hypertension
b) Glomerulonephritis
c) Diabetes
d) Urinary obstruction - ANSWER: C) Diabetes
Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be cause by:
a) hypoalbuminemia
b) hyperphosphatemia
c) hyperkalemia
d) hypocalcemia - ANSWER: B) Hyperphosphatemia
Why do kidney patients often have bone disease?
a) parathyroid glands stop functioning
b) patients don't eat enough phosphorus
c) kidneys stop producing calcitriol
d) patients don't eat enough calcium - ANSWER: C) Kidneys stop producing calcitriol
Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include:
a) hypotension, dehydration, weakness
b) anorexia, fatigue, swelling
c) fever. chills, malaise
d) tremors, weakness, muscle cramps - ANSWER: B) anorexia, fatigue, swelling
, A semipermeable membrane is a porus barrier that:
a) allows for only certain sized particles to cross
b) prevents fungal contamination
c) can distinguish between particles
d) is biocompatible, non toxic, and hypoallergenic - ANSWER: A) allows for only
certain sized particles to cross
Diffusion is movement of particles:
a) by filtration through a biocompatible membrane
b) from an area of higher concentration
c) into a vacuum created when fluids are forced through a membrane
d) into a space created by solutions moving in countercurrent flow - ANSWER: B)
from an area of higher concentration
Negative pressure is pressure created when:
a) larger amounts of filtration exist in a closed space
b) fluids separated by a membrane flow in the same direction
c) larger molecules drag smaller molecules across a membrane
d) fluid is pulled through a restriction - ANSWER: d) fluid is pulled through a
restriction
During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when:
a) water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood
and dialysate
b) phosphorus is removed from blood because dialysate is low on phosphorus
c) a higher concentration of sodium causes water to move from body compartments
into the dialysate
d) a suction device is applied to the venous trap and a Harvard Clamp is applied to
the arterial side of the blood set - ANSWER: A) water is removed from blood because
there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate
At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative
pressure?
a) the arterial line section before the blood pump
b) the arterial line section after the blood pump
c) the venous chamber
d) the venous line section after the venous chamber - ANSWER: A) the arterial line
section before the blood pump
Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the
semipermeable membrane?
a) high equilibrium
b) low equilibrium
c) high concentration gradients
d) low concentration gradients - ANSWER: c) high concentration gradients
2024/2025 100% ACCURATE EXAM GRADED A+
The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work,
is the:
a) medulla
b) cortex
c) calyx
d) nephron - ANSWER: D) Nephron
A nephron is made up of:
a) a glomerulus and a tubule
b) the nephrons and a capsule
c) the loop of henle and the capillary ball
d) the bladder and the ureter - ANSWER: A) a glomerulus and a tubule
The endocrine functions of the kidney include:
a) regulating growth hormone and making thyroid hormone
b) making erythropoietin and the active form of Vitamin D
c) making estrogen and testosterone
d) regulating body temperature and sleep rhythms - ANSWER: B) making
erythropoietin and the active form of Vitamin D
The leading cause of End-Stage Renal Disease for adults in the US is:
a) Hypertension
b) Glomerulonephritis
c) Diabetes
d) Urinary obstruction - ANSWER: C) Diabetes
Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be cause by:
a) hypoalbuminemia
b) hyperphosphatemia
c) hyperkalemia
d) hypocalcemia - ANSWER: B) Hyperphosphatemia
Why do kidney patients often have bone disease?
a) parathyroid glands stop functioning
b) patients don't eat enough phosphorus
c) kidneys stop producing calcitriol
d) patients don't eat enough calcium - ANSWER: C) Kidneys stop producing calcitriol
Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include:
a) hypotension, dehydration, weakness
b) anorexia, fatigue, swelling
c) fever. chills, malaise
d) tremors, weakness, muscle cramps - ANSWER: B) anorexia, fatigue, swelling
, A semipermeable membrane is a porus barrier that:
a) allows for only certain sized particles to cross
b) prevents fungal contamination
c) can distinguish between particles
d) is biocompatible, non toxic, and hypoallergenic - ANSWER: A) allows for only
certain sized particles to cross
Diffusion is movement of particles:
a) by filtration through a biocompatible membrane
b) from an area of higher concentration
c) into a vacuum created when fluids are forced through a membrane
d) into a space created by solutions moving in countercurrent flow - ANSWER: B)
from an area of higher concentration
Negative pressure is pressure created when:
a) larger amounts of filtration exist in a closed space
b) fluids separated by a membrane flow in the same direction
c) larger molecules drag smaller molecules across a membrane
d) fluid is pulled through a restriction - ANSWER: d) fluid is pulled through a
restriction
During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when:
a) water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood
and dialysate
b) phosphorus is removed from blood because dialysate is low on phosphorus
c) a higher concentration of sodium causes water to move from body compartments
into the dialysate
d) a suction device is applied to the venous trap and a Harvard Clamp is applied to
the arterial side of the blood set - ANSWER: A) water is removed from blood because
there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate
At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative
pressure?
a) the arterial line section before the blood pump
b) the arterial line section after the blood pump
c) the venous chamber
d) the venous line section after the venous chamber - ANSWER: A) the arterial line
section before the blood pump
Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the
semipermeable membrane?
a) high equilibrium
b) low equilibrium
c) high concentration gradients
d) low concentration gradients - ANSWER: c) high concentration gradients
