PNP-PC Certification Exam Latest QUESTION AND
ANSWER (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED) FULLY SOLVED
Lab findings for respiratory acidosis - ANSWER: pH < 7.35
Increased PaCO2
HCO3 normal
Jaundice in neonate 24 hr - 2 weeks
1. Causes
2. Risk Factors
3. Intervention - ANSWER: 1. physiologic jaundice, BM jaundice, hemolytic (ABO
incompatibility or G6PD deficiency), infection, bruising
2. BF (factor in human milk inhibiting excretion), genetics, early hospital discharge,
weight loss > 10%, insufficient BM
3. phototherapy, exchange transfusion, phenobarbitone, metalloporphyrin
Neonate age - ANSWER: 0-28 days
Infant age - ANSWER: 1st year of life
toddler age - ANSWER: ages 1-2
preschool age - ANSWER: ages 3-4
school age - ANSWER: ages 5-12
early adolescent age - ANSWER: 10-13 years
middle adolescent age - ANSWER: 14-17 years
late adolescent age - ANSWER: 17-21 years
approx .daily weight gain for neonates - ANSWER: 1 oz (30g)/day
How much should a newborn feed? - ANSWER: 1.5-3 oz q2-3 hr or BF q 1.5-3 hr (no
more than 4 hr w/o feed, about 8-12 feeds/day)
How much should a 2 month old feed? - ANSWER: 4-5 oz q2-4 hr or BF 7-9x/day
How much should a 4 month old feed? - ANSWER: 4-6 oz q3-4 hr or BF 6-8x/day
How much should a 6 month old feed? - ANSWER: 6-8 oz q 4-5h while awake or BF 4-
6x/day
,The newborn loses up to ____% birth weight in 1st week of life - ANSWER: 10%
At minimum, newborn should be back up to birth weight by ___ weeks - ANSWER: 2
best vision in neonate is at what distance? - ANSWER: 8-12 inches
what pitch do neonates hear best? (high or low) - ANSWER: high
Infants have a visual preference for what? - ANSWER: human face
Infants exposed to maternal gestational DM have a high incidence for... - ANSWER:
hypoglycemia
____ to sleep; _____ to play - ANSWER: back; tummy
tummy time facilitates ______ and minimizes development of ____ - ANSWER:
development; positional plagiocephaly
When do you start tummy time? - ANSWER: At birth
How do babies grow? (length, width, and motor) - ANSWER: cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, and general to specific
Growth speed is rapid from _____ to ___, slower from ___ to ____, and rapid from
____ to ____ - ANSWER: birth-2; 2-puberty; puberty- tanner stage 4
When does the brain grow the most? - ANSWER: gestation and 1st 6 months after
birth
When is immune system mature? - ANSWER: early adolescence
When is IgE (allergy) mature? - ANSWER: birth
When is IgM (short-term immunity) mature? - ANSWER: by age 1
When is IgG (long-term immunity) mature? - ANSWER: by age 4
When is IgA (upper respiratory) mature? - ANSWER: adolescence
What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs for an infant? - ANSWER: physiologic, safety,
belonging, and love
What Erikson stage is an infant in? - ANSWER: trust vs mistrust
What Piaget stage is an infant in? - ANSWER: Sensorimotor (sensory, motor,
reflexive)
,How many wet diapers should an infant have? - ANSWER: 6-8
What should you consider if infant's urine has unusual odor? - ANSWER:
malabsorption syndrome, UTI
How many stools should a BF vs a bottle fed infant have each day? - ANSWER: BF: 1-5
stools/day; Bottle fed: 1-2 stools/day or QOD
Which reflex is a walking motion made w/ legs and feet when held upright w/ feet
touching the ground? When does it appear/disapper? - ANSWER: stepping reflex;
appears for 1st 3-4 months then reappears at 12-24 months
Which reflex includes turning of the head and sucking when cheek is stroked? When
does it disappear? - ANSWER: Rooting reflex; disappears by 6-12 months
The infant maintains a horizontal position when held prone. What is this reflex?
When does it appear/disappear?
If absent, what should you suspect? - ANSWER: Landau reflex; appears ~ 3 months,
disappears by 12-24 months. If absent, suspect neurologic insult.
Which reflex is seen when the infant throws out their arms and legs followed by
pulling them back to the body following a sudden movement or loud noise?
What is another term for this reflex?
When does it disappear? - ANSWER: Moro reflex;
startle reflex;
disappears by 16 weeks
Which reflex is a self protection reaction where the infant puts arms in front of them
to prevent from falling? When does it emerge? - ANSWER: Parachute reflex; emerges
around 7-9 months
What reflex do you see when the infant grasps an object placed in their palm? When
does it disappear? - ANSWER: Palmar grasp; disappears by 2-3 months
What reflex do you see when you stroke the sole of the foot, eliciting a fanning of
the toes? When does it disappear? - ANSWER: Babinski; disappears by 6 months
How old is this child:
- from tummy, can lift self up on 2 arms
-responds to 2 sounds
-smiles when smiled 2 - ANSWER: 2 months
How old is this child:
- reaches 4 a toy
- smiles 4 fun
- rolls from tummy to back - ANSWER: 4 months
, How old is this child:
- looks like number 6 when sitting up
- rolls from back to tummy and back - ANSWER: 6 months
How old is this child:
- can transfer objects from hand to hand w/ ease - ANSWER: 6-8 months
How old is this child:
- stands tall like the number 1 and walks on 2 legs - ANSWER: 12 months
How old is this child:
- can name single word objects
- says "no" like an 18 year old
- act like an 18 year old by copying work that adults do - ANSWER: 18 months
How old is this child:
- speaks in 2 word sentences
- follows 2 step commands
- can walk to 2nd floor (assisted)
- builds 2 block tower - ANSWER: 2 year old
How old is this child:
- builds 3 block tower
- speaks in 3 word sentences
- rides a TRIcycle
- can draw circle - ANSWER: 3 years
How old is this child:
- speaks in 4 word sentences
- can build 4 block tower
- can draw cross - ANSWER: 4 years
When does a child smile spontaneously? - ANSWER: 1-3 months
when does a child play peek-a-boo? - ANSWER: 5-7 months
when does stranger anxiety develop? - ANSWER: 7-10 months
When can a child indicate wants by pointing? - ANSWER: 10-14 months
when does laughing being? - ANSWER: 2-4 months
when does a child turn to voice? - ANSWER: 2-4 months
when does a child say mama/dada? - ANSWER: 9-12 months
ANSWER (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED) FULLY SOLVED
Lab findings for respiratory acidosis - ANSWER: pH < 7.35
Increased PaCO2
HCO3 normal
Jaundice in neonate 24 hr - 2 weeks
1. Causes
2. Risk Factors
3. Intervention - ANSWER: 1. physiologic jaundice, BM jaundice, hemolytic (ABO
incompatibility or G6PD deficiency), infection, bruising
2. BF (factor in human milk inhibiting excretion), genetics, early hospital discharge,
weight loss > 10%, insufficient BM
3. phototherapy, exchange transfusion, phenobarbitone, metalloporphyrin
Neonate age - ANSWER: 0-28 days
Infant age - ANSWER: 1st year of life
toddler age - ANSWER: ages 1-2
preschool age - ANSWER: ages 3-4
school age - ANSWER: ages 5-12
early adolescent age - ANSWER: 10-13 years
middle adolescent age - ANSWER: 14-17 years
late adolescent age - ANSWER: 17-21 years
approx .daily weight gain for neonates - ANSWER: 1 oz (30g)/day
How much should a newborn feed? - ANSWER: 1.5-3 oz q2-3 hr or BF q 1.5-3 hr (no
more than 4 hr w/o feed, about 8-12 feeds/day)
How much should a 2 month old feed? - ANSWER: 4-5 oz q2-4 hr or BF 7-9x/day
How much should a 4 month old feed? - ANSWER: 4-6 oz q3-4 hr or BF 6-8x/day
How much should a 6 month old feed? - ANSWER: 6-8 oz q 4-5h while awake or BF 4-
6x/day
,The newborn loses up to ____% birth weight in 1st week of life - ANSWER: 10%
At minimum, newborn should be back up to birth weight by ___ weeks - ANSWER: 2
best vision in neonate is at what distance? - ANSWER: 8-12 inches
what pitch do neonates hear best? (high or low) - ANSWER: high
Infants have a visual preference for what? - ANSWER: human face
Infants exposed to maternal gestational DM have a high incidence for... - ANSWER:
hypoglycemia
____ to sleep; _____ to play - ANSWER: back; tummy
tummy time facilitates ______ and minimizes development of ____ - ANSWER:
development; positional plagiocephaly
When do you start tummy time? - ANSWER: At birth
How do babies grow? (length, width, and motor) - ANSWER: cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, and general to specific
Growth speed is rapid from _____ to ___, slower from ___ to ____, and rapid from
____ to ____ - ANSWER: birth-2; 2-puberty; puberty- tanner stage 4
When does the brain grow the most? - ANSWER: gestation and 1st 6 months after
birth
When is immune system mature? - ANSWER: early adolescence
When is IgE (allergy) mature? - ANSWER: birth
When is IgM (short-term immunity) mature? - ANSWER: by age 1
When is IgG (long-term immunity) mature? - ANSWER: by age 4
When is IgA (upper respiratory) mature? - ANSWER: adolescence
What are Maslow's hierarchy of needs for an infant? - ANSWER: physiologic, safety,
belonging, and love
What Erikson stage is an infant in? - ANSWER: trust vs mistrust
What Piaget stage is an infant in? - ANSWER: Sensorimotor (sensory, motor,
reflexive)
,How many wet diapers should an infant have? - ANSWER: 6-8
What should you consider if infant's urine has unusual odor? - ANSWER:
malabsorption syndrome, UTI
How many stools should a BF vs a bottle fed infant have each day? - ANSWER: BF: 1-5
stools/day; Bottle fed: 1-2 stools/day or QOD
Which reflex is a walking motion made w/ legs and feet when held upright w/ feet
touching the ground? When does it appear/disapper? - ANSWER: stepping reflex;
appears for 1st 3-4 months then reappears at 12-24 months
Which reflex includes turning of the head and sucking when cheek is stroked? When
does it disappear? - ANSWER: Rooting reflex; disappears by 6-12 months
The infant maintains a horizontal position when held prone. What is this reflex?
When does it appear/disappear?
If absent, what should you suspect? - ANSWER: Landau reflex; appears ~ 3 months,
disappears by 12-24 months. If absent, suspect neurologic insult.
Which reflex is seen when the infant throws out their arms and legs followed by
pulling them back to the body following a sudden movement or loud noise?
What is another term for this reflex?
When does it disappear? - ANSWER: Moro reflex;
startle reflex;
disappears by 16 weeks
Which reflex is a self protection reaction where the infant puts arms in front of them
to prevent from falling? When does it emerge? - ANSWER: Parachute reflex; emerges
around 7-9 months
What reflex do you see when the infant grasps an object placed in their palm? When
does it disappear? - ANSWER: Palmar grasp; disappears by 2-3 months
What reflex do you see when you stroke the sole of the foot, eliciting a fanning of
the toes? When does it disappear? - ANSWER: Babinski; disappears by 6 months
How old is this child:
- from tummy, can lift self up on 2 arms
-responds to 2 sounds
-smiles when smiled 2 - ANSWER: 2 months
How old is this child:
- reaches 4 a toy
- smiles 4 fun
- rolls from tummy to back - ANSWER: 4 months
, How old is this child:
- looks like number 6 when sitting up
- rolls from back to tummy and back - ANSWER: 6 months
How old is this child:
- can transfer objects from hand to hand w/ ease - ANSWER: 6-8 months
How old is this child:
- stands tall like the number 1 and walks on 2 legs - ANSWER: 12 months
How old is this child:
- can name single word objects
- says "no" like an 18 year old
- act like an 18 year old by copying work that adults do - ANSWER: 18 months
How old is this child:
- speaks in 2 word sentences
- follows 2 step commands
- can walk to 2nd floor (assisted)
- builds 2 block tower - ANSWER: 2 year old
How old is this child:
- builds 3 block tower
- speaks in 3 word sentences
- rides a TRIcycle
- can draw circle - ANSWER: 3 years
How old is this child:
- speaks in 4 word sentences
- can build 4 block tower
- can draw cross - ANSWER: 4 years
When does a child smile spontaneously? - ANSWER: 1-3 months
when does a child play peek-a-boo? - ANSWER: 5-7 months
when does stranger anxiety develop? - ANSWER: 7-10 months
When can a child indicate wants by pointing? - ANSWER: 10-14 months
when does laughing being? - ANSWER: 2-4 months
when does a child turn to voice? - ANSWER: 2-4 months
when does a child say mama/dada? - ANSWER: 9-12 months
