BIO 205 Microbiology MIDTERM EXAM ACCURATE
FALL- SPRING SEMESTER ARIZONA COLLEGE
Epidemiology - ANSWER: -Study of disease patterns
-Sources of disease
-Associated risk factors
-Prevent/Predict spread of disease
AND
Pathogen -disease causing microorganism
-the disease is a change in health status to an abnormal state
-microorganism is etiological agent (cause of disease)
AND
science of epidemics
-studies causes, (etiology) and distribution to prevent/control outbreaks
Pathogens - ANSWER: -any agent causing disease
-usually living microorganisms
-can produce infection
-doesn't include poisons (like arsenic)
Viruses - ANSWER: -multi celled
-can only reproduce inside plant, animal or person
(ex. herpes, AIDS)
Bacteria - ANSWER: -tiny, one celled
-can live inside OR outside of body
(ex. TB, UTI, Staph, E. coli, Ulcers)
Fungi - ANSWER: -multi celled, but plant like
-takes nutrition from plant, tree, or animal
(ex. yeast infection, ringworm)
Protozoa - ANSWER: -one celled creatures
-usually spread through water
(ex. malaria)
Parasites - ANSWER: -complex living organisms
-can live in intestinal tract or bloodstream
(ex. tapeworm)
Protein - ANSWER: -multi celled
-can only reproduce inside plant, animal, or person
[ex. Mad Cow Disease (BSE)]
Virulence - ANSWER: ability of any agent of infection to produce disease
-a measure of severity of disease that it's capable of causing
, Virulent - ANSWER: -implies extremely disease causing (pathogenic) -marked by
rapid, severe, and malignant course
(poisonous, venomous)
Penetration - ANSWER: -Foreign body allowing bacteria entry into internal body
cavities.
Medical- catheterization, surgical drains
Trauma- wooden, silver or metal spike breaks the skin
Entry - ANSWER: -Ingestion
-Inhalation
-Tactile
Ingestion - ANSWER: -Consumption of contaminated, toxin laden foods (salmonella)
-Poisonous plants or chemicals
Inhalation - ANSWER: -Airborne contaminants inhaled into lungs/respiratory tract
-Pathogens (fungal spores, microbes, toxins) aerosol droplets of contaminated bodily
fluids (Sputum from cough)
Primary - ANSWER: initial, acute infection (ex. influenza virus)
Either of two things:
1) first signs of being infected or
2) hierarchy of infections that begin with single illness
(ex. a person with a virus (cold) can get bacterial infection in chest (bronchitis)
-these could be called primary and secondary infections both arising from original
cold
-or primary infection from first contact with viral or bacterial source
-could mean the first noted signs of that infection
-often identified as specific symptoms
Secondary - ANSWER: - occurs because host is rundown/debilatated by primary
infection
- allowing establishment of secondary infection (bacterial pneumonia following
influenza)
Occurs because host is rundown
(ex. of secondary infection with HIV: Thrush, TB, Toxoplasmosis)
Opportunistic - ANSWER: occurs when part of non pathogenic flora leads to disease
-may result from normal flora invading sites that are usually sterile
-from prolonged use of antibiotics
-or from any factor causing immunosuppression
When nonpathogenic flora leads to disease
Vectors - ANSWER: Arthropods
(Ex. Lyme tick)
FALL- SPRING SEMESTER ARIZONA COLLEGE
Epidemiology - ANSWER: -Study of disease patterns
-Sources of disease
-Associated risk factors
-Prevent/Predict spread of disease
AND
Pathogen -disease causing microorganism
-the disease is a change in health status to an abnormal state
-microorganism is etiological agent (cause of disease)
AND
science of epidemics
-studies causes, (etiology) and distribution to prevent/control outbreaks
Pathogens - ANSWER: -any agent causing disease
-usually living microorganisms
-can produce infection
-doesn't include poisons (like arsenic)
Viruses - ANSWER: -multi celled
-can only reproduce inside plant, animal or person
(ex. herpes, AIDS)
Bacteria - ANSWER: -tiny, one celled
-can live inside OR outside of body
(ex. TB, UTI, Staph, E. coli, Ulcers)
Fungi - ANSWER: -multi celled, but plant like
-takes nutrition from plant, tree, or animal
(ex. yeast infection, ringworm)
Protozoa - ANSWER: -one celled creatures
-usually spread through water
(ex. malaria)
Parasites - ANSWER: -complex living organisms
-can live in intestinal tract or bloodstream
(ex. tapeworm)
Protein - ANSWER: -multi celled
-can only reproduce inside plant, animal, or person
[ex. Mad Cow Disease (BSE)]
Virulence - ANSWER: ability of any agent of infection to produce disease
-a measure of severity of disease that it's capable of causing
, Virulent - ANSWER: -implies extremely disease causing (pathogenic) -marked by
rapid, severe, and malignant course
(poisonous, venomous)
Penetration - ANSWER: -Foreign body allowing bacteria entry into internal body
cavities.
Medical- catheterization, surgical drains
Trauma- wooden, silver or metal spike breaks the skin
Entry - ANSWER: -Ingestion
-Inhalation
-Tactile
Ingestion - ANSWER: -Consumption of contaminated, toxin laden foods (salmonella)
-Poisonous plants or chemicals
Inhalation - ANSWER: -Airborne contaminants inhaled into lungs/respiratory tract
-Pathogens (fungal spores, microbes, toxins) aerosol droplets of contaminated bodily
fluids (Sputum from cough)
Primary - ANSWER: initial, acute infection (ex. influenza virus)
Either of two things:
1) first signs of being infected or
2) hierarchy of infections that begin with single illness
(ex. a person with a virus (cold) can get bacterial infection in chest (bronchitis)
-these could be called primary and secondary infections both arising from original
cold
-or primary infection from first contact with viral or bacterial source
-could mean the first noted signs of that infection
-often identified as specific symptoms
Secondary - ANSWER: - occurs because host is rundown/debilatated by primary
infection
- allowing establishment of secondary infection (bacterial pneumonia following
influenza)
Occurs because host is rundown
(ex. of secondary infection with HIV: Thrush, TB, Toxoplasmosis)
Opportunistic - ANSWER: occurs when part of non pathogenic flora leads to disease
-may result from normal flora invading sites that are usually sterile
-from prolonged use of antibiotics
-or from any factor causing immunosuppression
When nonpathogenic flora leads to disease
Vectors - ANSWER: Arthropods
(Ex. Lyme tick)
