BIO 205 Microbiology MIDTERM EXAM ACCURATE
FALL- SPRING SEMESTER ARIZONA COLLEGE
Describe the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Which theory is
believed to be correct today? How was this theory proven? - ANSWER: Spontaneous
generation: The idea that life comes from non living material
Biogenesis: You have to have pre-existing life to produce new life.
What is a domain in taxonomy and how is it defined? - ANSWER: The three domains
are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. 1. Bacteria: These are prokaryotic. There is
eubacteria, which means true bacteria. These are what cause human, animal, and
plant diseases. The true bacteria includes cyanobacteria, which is blue green algae
that we see around sometimes.
2. Archaea: Archarbacteria is also prokaryotic. Archaebacteria lacks a peptidoglycan
in a cell wall and they are unusual. They are not known to cause bacteria in humans
or animals. The different types of archaebacteria include extremophiles, which is
comethinf that can live in a very hot environment. Extreme halophiles means salt
lover or really high in salt concentration. An example of this would be the dead sea.
Extreme anaerobes means extremely high in O2 toxicity or methane. An example of
this would be methane from a cow.
3. Eukarya: This includes algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
Taxonomy is basically common names versus scientific names. Common names are a
lot easier to remember and spell. It is also easier to speak. The problem with
common names is that there are different meanings for each thing. For example, in
America, a robin is a brown bird with a red breast but in Europe, even though it is
still called a robin, it is a completely different bird. This is where scientific names
come in. Even though they are harder to pronounce, they are more correct and
people won't get confused because there is a different scientific name for
everything.
What is binomal nomenclature? Why use scientific names for organisms? - ANSWER:
We have to use scientific names so that people don't get confused with the names
when they mean two different things. Binomal Nomenclature is a system for giving
each organism a two-word latin name that consists of the genus name followed by
the species name
Write the complete, correct scientific name for 2 different bacteria- no abbreviations
- ANSWER: Staphylcoccus
Micrococcus
(Underlined of course)
What are Whitaker's 5 kingdoms? What organisms belong in each one? In which
domain do each kingdom fit? - ANSWER: kingdom monera, kingdom protista,
kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae, kingdom animalia
, For each of the following bacterial structures provide a brief explanation of their
function...
1. Cell membrane
2. Fimbriae and Pili
3. Flagella and axial filaments
4. Bacterial chromosomes
5. Inclusion bodies
6. Ribosomes
7. Plasmid - ANSWER: 1. The cell membrane marks the cell boundary inside and
outside. It provides some protection. The cell membrane is semi-permeable, which
means some things can get in and out of the cell. It has selective transport. It has a
phospholipid bilayer.
2. Fimbrae: This hair like structures and there are many copies of it. It is good
adherence to the cell. Pili: There is one per cell and it is a long thin hollow tube.
Because bacteria do not sexually reproduce, the tube is used to transfer DNA
between cells .
3. Axial filaments wrap around the cell. They are interal flagella basically. They are
inside the cell under the cell wall. They occur only in spirochetes. When it spirals like
a propeller, it can move through liquid.
4.
5. An abnormal structure in a cell nucleus or cytoplasm having characteristic staining
properties and usually composed of protein, occurring primarily in infectious
diseases, especially viral infections such as rabies.
6. These produce proteins. Ribosomes are made out od protein and RNA. A small
subunit is 30s and a large subunit is 50s. They don't add up to 70 but in this case they
do.
7. Small double stranded DNA molecule. It replicates independently and it is
common in nature
Do prokaryotic organisms contain the following organelles or structures?
1. Ribosomes
2. Rough ER
3. Smooth ER
4. Cytoplasmic membrane
5. Mitochondria
6. Chloroplast
7. True nucleus
8. Golgi aparatus
9. DNA
10. Chromosomes - ANSWER: 1. Yes 70s
2. No
3. No
4. Yes
5. No
6. No
7. No
8. No
FALL- SPRING SEMESTER ARIZONA COLLEGE
Describe the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Which theory is
believed to be correct today? How was this theory proven? - ANSWER: Spontaneous
generation: The idea that life comes from non living material
Biogenesis: You have to have pre-existing life to produce new life.
What is a domain in taxonomy and how is it defined? - ANSWER: The three domains
are bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. 1. Bacteria: These are prokaryotic. There is
eubacteria, which means true bacteria. These are what cause human, animal, and
plant diseases. The true bacteria includes cyanobacteria, which is blue green algae
that we see around sometimes.
2. Archaea: Archarbacteria is also prokaryotic. Archaebacteria lacks a peptidoglycan
in a cell wall and they are unusual. They are not known to cause bacteria in humans
or animals. The different types of archaebacteria include extremophiles, which is
comethinf that can live in a very hot environment. Extreme halophiles means salt
lover or really high in salt concentration. An example of this would be the dead sea.
Extreme anaerobes means extremely high in O2 toxicity or methane. An example of
this would be methane from a cow.
3. Eukarya: This includes algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
Taxonomy is basically common names versus scientific names. Common names are a
lot easier to remember and spell. It is also easier to speak. The problem with
common names is that there are different meanings for each thing. For example, in
America, a robin is a brown bird with a red breast but in Europe, even though it is
still called a robin, it is a completely different bird. This is where scientific names
come in. Even though they are harder to pronounce, they are more correct and
people won't get confused because there is a different scientific name for
everything.
What is binomal nomenclature? Why use scientific names for organisms? - ANSWER:
We have to use scientific names so that people don't get confused with the names
when they mean two different things. Binomal Nomenclature is a system for giving
each organism a two-word latin name that consists of the genus name followed by
the species name
Write the complete, correct scientific name for 2 different bacteria- no abbreviations
- ANSWER: Staphylcoccus
Micrococcus
(Underlined of course)
What are Whitaker's 5 kingdoms? What organisms belong in each one? In which
domain do each kingdom fit? - ANSWER: kingdom monera, kingdom protista,
kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae, kingdom animalia
, For each of the following bacterial structures provide a brief explanation of their
function...
1. Cell membrane
2. Fimbriae and Pili
3. Flagella and axial filaments
4. Bacterial chromosomes
5. Inclusion bodies
6. Ribosomes
7. Plasmid - ANSWER: 1. The cell membrane marks the cell boundary inside and
outside. It provides some protection. The cell membrane is semi-permeable, which
means some things can get in and out of the cell. It has selective transport. It has a
phospholipid bilayer.
2. Fimbrae: This hair like structures and there are many copies of it. It is good
adherence to the cell. Pili: There is one per cell and it is a long thin hollow tube.
Because bacteria do not sexually reproduce, the tube is used to transfer DNA
between cells .
3. Axial filaments wrap around the cell. They are interal flagella basically. They are
inside the cell under the cell wall. They occur only in spirochetes. When it spirals like
a propeller, it can move through liquid.
4.
5. An abnormal structure in a cell nucleus or cytoplasm having characteristic staining
properties and usually composed of protein, occurring primarily in infectious
diseases, especially viral infections such as rabies.
6. These produce proteins. Ribosomes are made out od protein and RNA. A small
subunit is 30s and a large subunit is 50s. They don't add up to 70 but in this case they
do.
7. Small double stranded DNA molecule. It replicates independently and it is
common in nature
Do prokaryotic organisms contain the following organelles or structures?
1. Ribosomes
2. Rough ER
3. Smooth ER
4. Cytoplasmic membrane
5. Mitochondria
6. Chloroplast
7. True nucleus
8. Golgi aparatus
9. DNA
10. Chromosomes - ANSWER: 1. Yes 70s
2. No
3. No
4. Yes
5. No
6. No
7. No
8. No
